Roots of seedlings of the "beefwood" tree, Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. grown in nitrogenfree nutrient solution were inoculated with a suspension prepared from crushed root nodules taken from mature plants. Marked deformation of root hairs was evident but no infection threads were observed in root hairs. The mode of infection remains undetermined. Root nodules were initiated within three weeks...

Green alder ( Alnus viridis ) is a shrub species that has expanded over former pastures in Central Europe due to land abandonment, leading negative agri-environmental impacts, such as reduction forage yield and quality an increase nitrate leaching. Robust livestock breeds Highland cattle could be used control A. encroachment. The objectives of this study were investigate the impact encroachment...