Background Lignin is one of major components of plant secondary cell wall. In plant cell wall, it is synthesized via radical coupling of precursors such as p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols. In early stage of the lignification, 8-O-4’, 8-8’ and 8-5’ dimers are thought to be synthesized mainly from the precursors in the wall. A gramnegative bacterium, Shingobium sp. strain SYK-6 (herea...

Treatment of sialoglycopeptides derived from bovine milk-fat-globule membrane with alkaline borohydride released a reduced oligosaccharide fraction from which a tetrasaccharide and two trisaccharides were isolated. Periodate-oxidation studies coupled with methylation analysis and g.l.c.-mass spectrometry established their structures as: N-acetylneuraminyl-(2 leads to 3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-...

Glycogen from flight muscle of the blowfly, Phormia regina, has been characterized ultrastructurally and biochemically. In situ, glycogen is in the form of rosettes, which vary in size with diameters of up to 0.1 micro. Sedimentation analysis of pure glycogen, isolated by mild buffer extraction, reveals a polydisperse molecular weight spectrum, with larger particles having molecular weights of ...

Two processes permit the urine pH and the medullary interstitial pH to remain in an "ideal range" to minimize the risk of forming kidney stones. First, a medullary shunt for NH(3) maintains the urine pH near 6.0 to minimize uric acid precipitation when distal H(+) secretion is high. Second, excreting dietary alkali excreting alkali as a family of organic anions--including citrate--rather than a...

This report describes a novel presentation of chloride resistant metabolic alkalosis in a patient with hypercalcemia related to Multiple Myeloma (MM). A 51-year-old male with newly diagnosed MM presented with widespread skeletal involvement, calcium (Ca(+2)) of 18 mg/dL, phosphorous (PO4) of 6 mg/dL, serum bicarbonate (HCO3) of 37 mEq/L, and serum creatinine (Cr) of 2.6 mg/dL Other causes of me...

Cell-free extracts of Proteus vulgar& oxidize pyruvate to acetate and COS. By acid precipitation of such extracts, Stumpf (1) prepared a protein fraction that required cocarboxylase and certain divalent metal ions for activity; no requirement for phosphate or other acetyl acceptor system could be demonstrated. Thus the system resembled that of Escherichia coli described by Still (2), and differ...

A rapid and simple method for the determination of sulfate involving a complex formation between inorganic sulfate and the dye, toluidine blue 0, after chromatography, is presented. The method can be used for the determination of sulfate in the presence of interfering ions such as phosphate and citrate. Most of the ions have a different chromatographic migration in the solvent system employed. ...

2-Amino-5-nitro-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (7) was phosphorylated with chlorophosphoric acid yielding an isomer mixture containing about 63% of the 5'-phosphate 7a together with other monophosphates and bisphosphates of 7. Preparative HPLC afforded pure 7a. Catalytic hydrogenation of 7a yields the labile substrate of pyrimidine deaminase, 2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-...

The specific activities of enzymes catalyzing the ammonium-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthesis (NH(3)-CPS) and the glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthesis (GLN-CPS) were increased during germination by approximately 5-and 1.7-fold respectively in the presence of 35 mm urea. The increase of NH(3)-CPS and GLN-CPS levels occurred immediately after the onset of germination and prior to ...