BACKGROUND By performing identical studies in humans and rats, we attempted to distinguish vulnerability factors for addiction from neurobiological effects of chronic drug exposure. We focused on the GABAergic system within the hippocampus, a brain region that is a constituent of the memory/conditioning neuronal circuitry of addiction that is considered to be important in drug reinforcement beh...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of higher risk of Internet addiction (HRIA) with lifetime substance use, psychological and behavioral factors among Turkish 10(th) grade students. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional online self-report survey conducted in 45 schools from the 15 districts in Istanbul, Turkey. A representative sample of 4957 10(th) grade stud...

Alcoholism and cirrhosis, which are two of the most serious health problems worldwide, have a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes. Both diseases are influenced by genetic susceptibility and cultural traits that differ globally but are specific for each population. In contrast to other regions around the world, Mexicans present the highest drinking score and a high mortality rate for alcoholic l...

1 Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 2 Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 3 Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center ...

It has been previously shown that frontal white matter (fWM) choline-containing compounds (tCho) increase with alcohol consumption in social drinkers but were found decreased in detoxified alcoholics [1,2]. With this study we aimed to investigate whether fWM tCho would still be elevated in heavy drinking as well as in non-abstinent alcohol dependent patients. Since Glutamate plays an important ...

background: statistics of alcohol use iran was investigated in the beginning of 2010 in mental, social health and addiction department of ministry of health. the findings showed that the alcohol use, especially in young people, is notable. hence a strategic plan or a policy document in alcohol use was needed to explain the main vision also provide countrywide strategies for all related domains ...

Abuse of psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines has a tremendous social and economic impact. Although replacement therapies are offered for addiction to opioids, nicotine, and alcohol, there is no approved replacement treatment for psychostimulant addiction. Recent studies on an emerging group of benztropine- and rimcazole-based compounds provide hope that replacement therapies for c...