BACKGROUND In Drosophila, the gonads are composed of two cell populations: the germ line, derived from the pole cells, and a somatic component, derived from the mesoderm of abdominal segments 5-8. Formation of the gonad requires the function of a specific homeotic gene, abdominal-A (abd-A). Other genes of the bithorax complex, Ultrabithorax (Ubx) or Abdominal-B (Abd-B), cannot substitute for th...

The Abdominal-B (Abd-B) gene of the bithorax complex (BX-C) of Drosophila controls the identities of the fifth through seventh abdominal segments and segments in the genitalia (more precisely, parasegments 10-14). Here we focus on iab-5, iab-6 and iab-7, regulatory regions of Abd-B that control expression in the fifth, sixth and seventh abdominal segments (parasegments 10-12). By analysis of pa...

Ingolfiella arganoi sp. n. from Abd al Kuri Island in the Arabian Sea is described from two specimens, a male and a female. The western shore of the Indian Ocean was hitherto a vacant spot in the distribution of circumtropical shallow marine interstitial ingolfiellids and therefore the location of the new species fills a meaningful gap in the geography of the family. Morphologically, the new sp...

“word-order” is one of the most central concepts in ancient rhetoric and islamic ilm-al-balagha. this article attempts to compare this concept in these two rhetorical systems. in the first section, “word-order” as part of a more pervasive concept of “composition” is discussed. since dionysius of halicarnassus’ “on literary composition” represents the most comprehensive attitude to “word-order”,...

the ode “buka'iyya ila shams haziran” is considered as one of the critical and extreme poems of abd al-wahhab al-bayati, the significant contemporary arab literary figure (1999-1926). applying a simple language which is also vague in some aspects, the poem is allocated to presenting social and political conditions of arab countries and analyzing the reasons associated with 1967 june defeat. as ...

Homeotic genes are aligned on the chromosome in the order of the segments that they specify along the antero-posterior axis of the fly. In general the genes affecting the more posterior segments repress the more anterior genes, a phenomenon known as "posterior dominance". There is however a noticeable exception to this rule in the central nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster where the post...

CONTEXT Although chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is clearly an immune-mediated granulomatous reaction to beryllium, acute beryllium disease (ABD) is commonly considered an irritative chemical phenomenon related to high exposures. Given reported new cases of ABD and projected increased demand for beryllium, we aimed to reevaluate the patho physiologic associations between ABD and CBD using two c...

Actin microfilaments regulate the size, shape and mobility of dendritic spines and are in turn regulated by actin binding proteins and small GTPases. The βI isoform of spectrin, a protein that links the actin cytoskeleton to membrane proteins, is present in spines. To understand its function, we expressed its actin-binding domain (ABD) in CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slice cultures. The...

Objectives: This study aims to analyze Abd al-Kaafi Mohammad Sa’eed’s play, "The Rat in the Dock" (1984), from historical and critical perspectives. The play addresses dangers of corruption societies nations, as portrayed through trials a legendary multi-disguised Rat, known ancient Yemeni history Ma’rib Dam. While defending national figures Yemen's Islamic history, also demonstrates impact on ...