Anesthesiology, V 125 • No 3 596 September 2016 A double modified nasopharyngeal airway connected to a breathing circuit to assist ventilation could be a great rescue airway technique. This setup provides unobstructed spontaneous ventilation, end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring, continuous positive airway pressure, and assisted ventilation as needed.1 A modif...

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare systemic anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA-) associated granulomatous vasculitis of the small and medium sized blood vessels. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare life-threatening complication of GPA. In our patient, cyclophosphamide was held secondary to complications of acute kidney injury, hematuria, and concern for a possible ...

Since its birth in the mid eighties of the last century, airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) has been a victim of much debate about its clinical use, benefits, and possible harms. With growing body of literature and evidence, APRV is gaining more acceptance and enthusiasm. Interesting research has been conducted in regards to its benefits in prevention of acute respiratory distress syndr...

Acute respiratory failure is commonly encountered in the emergency department (ED), and early treatment can have effects on long-term outcome. Noninvasive ventilation is commonly used for patients with respiratory failure and has been demonstrated to improve outcomes in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease and congestive heart failure, but should be used carefully, if at all,...

OBJECTIVES Nasal continuous positive airway pressure is used as a standard of care after extubation in very-low-birth-weight infants. A pressure of 5 cmH2O is usually applied regardless of individual differences in lung compliance. Current methods for evaluation of lung compliance and air distribution in the lungs are thus imprecise for preterm infants. This study used electrical impedance tomo...

Background: The hemodynamic effects of noninvasive ventilation with positive pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension without left ventricular dysfunction are not clearly established. Objectives: Analyze the impact of increasing airway pressure with continuous positive airway pressure on hemodynamic parameters and, in particular, on cardiac output in patients with variable degrees of pu...

Background & objectiveː Anesthetic management of pediatric cataract surgery is special as most these surgeries have to be completed under general anesthesia, and airway adequate ventilation take precedence care. We compared spontaneous vs. controlled ventilation, using laryngeal mask (LMA) with or without muscle relaxation showing their impact on different parameters in surgery.
 Metho...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of 3 types of noninvasive respiratory support systems in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema: oxygen therapy (O2), continuous positive airway pressure, and bilevel positive pressure ventilation. METHODS We studied prospectively 26 patients with acute pulmonary edema, who were randomized into 1 of 3 types of respiratory support groups. Age was 69+/-7 years. ...

Current devices for providing noninvasive respiratory support contain sensors and built-in intelligence for automatically modifying ventilation according to the patient's needs. These devices, including automatic continuous positive airway pressure devices and noninvasive ventilators, are technologically complex and offer a considerable number of different modes of ventilation and setting optio...

Little is known about the small airways dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). By computed tomography (CT) imaging in a porcine experimental model of early ARDS, we aimed at studying the location and magnitude of peripheral airway closure and alveolar collapse under high and low distending pressures and high and low inspiratory oxygen fraction (FIO2). Six piglets were mechan...