Subglottic injury (SGI) is a known complication of prolonged intubation in neonates and infants and can lead to failed extubation. SGI is a spectrum that includes mucosal edema, ulceration, granulation perichondritis, and mature scar formation. Although medical management aimed at treating mucosal edema and extraesophageal reflux is successful in treating a majority of patients, some require su...

The determination of optimal timing of liberation from mechanical ventilation requires a thorough assessment of multiple variables that can result in extubation failure. It is estimated that 5-20% of extubations fail. Traditional weaning parameters fail to predict extubation failure accurately, and attention has thus turned to improvements in extubation decision making through assessment of ele...

The Fourth National Audit Project (NAP4) was set up by the Royal College of Anaesthetists and Difficult Airway Society to provide an insight into major complications of airway management in the United Kingdom. The NAP4 found that one serious airway complication such as death, brain damage, the need for surgical airway or unexpected intensive care admission, was reported for every 5500 general a...

The children with Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) have anatomical and physiological challenges of airway management. PRS difficult caused by micrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft palate. patients’ management who is dificult requires attention. Here we present a 5-year-old girl PRS, admitted to our hospital for palate repair surgery. She also had history traсheostomy. Otholaryngologists perform trachest...

This case report presents a 67-year-old female with Parkinson’s disease who underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode replacement surgery. Following extubation, the patient developed persistent laryngospasm, requiring immediate intervention. Suspecting symptoms similar to levodopa withdrawal, received intravenous propofol and enteral supplementation, leading symptom improvement. The unde...

PURPOSE During emergence from anesthesia for a craniotomy, maintenance of hemodynamic stability and prompt evaluation of neurological status is mandatory. The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil on airway reflex and hemodynamic change in patients undergoing craniotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-four patient...

Background Caffeine is widely used for prevention of apnea and helps successful extubation from mechanical ventilation. It facilitates the transition from invasive to noninvasive support and reduces duration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm infants. The optimum caffeine dose in preterm infants has not been well-studied in terms of benefits and risks. We compared efficacy...

BACKGROUND Extubation failure (EF), defined as need for re-intubation within 24-72 h, is multifactorial. Factors predicting EF in adults generally are not useful in children. OBJECTIVE To determine the factors associated with EF and to facilitate prediction of EF in mechanically ventilated infants and children less than 12 years of age. MATERIAL AND  METHODS Design Prospective cohort study....