The present paper presents a non-technical overview of contemporary developments in food supply, as seen from the standpoint of economic adjustment. The historical concerns over availability and price of food have now passed in the UK, and agriculture is no longer dominantly driven by the supply-side forces of new farming technology and the stimulus of support policies. As a now demand-driven s...

Industrial biotechnology involves the use of enzymes and microorganisms to produce value-added chemicals from renewable sources. Because of its association with reduced energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and waste generation, industrial biotechnology is a rapidly growing field. Here we highlight a variety of important tools for industrial biotechnology, including protein engineering,...

Because the need of increasing the medicinal plant production all over the world, its production became an ultimate goal to meet the great increase of population to avoid chemical therapy side effects on human health through utilization of the medical herbs. However, the use of the most suitable and recommended agricultural practices in growing such crops could provide the producers with higher...

This paper provides the first estimates of purchasing power parity (PPP) converters from the production side between China and the UK for the early 1910s. It gives a new starting point to evaluate the economic development in pre-modern China during the early industrialization since the late 19 th century. The estimated PPPs for manufacturing industries provide relative levels of producer prices...

We analyze the impact of an endogenous minimum quality standard (MQS) imposed on an industry collectively by producers based upon a profit criterion, a situation common to agricultural industries. A MQS can enhance net welfare in these settings because it may correct for deficient production of high-quality product by the industry in the absence of a MQS. However, we show that any MQS imposed v...

‘Proto-industrialization’ is the name given to the massive expansion of exportoriented handicrafts which took place in many parts of Europe between the 16th and the 19th centuries. An influential theory holds that these proto-industries generated the capital, labour, entrepreneurship, agricultural commercialization, and consumer demand needed for factory industrialization. Protoindustrializatio...

Biorefinery: Producing biologically-based products and energy from biomass Oviposi�on: The laying of eggs Pathogens: A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease Prions: An infec�ous, transmissible protein thought to be the cause of TSE Substrate: The material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment Valorisa�on: Recovering of value from dispose...

The remarkable ability of polymeric additives to reduce the level of frictional drag significantly in turbulent flow, even under extremely low dilutions, is known as turbulent drag-reduction behavior. Several bio-polymers have been assessed as promising drag-reducing agents for the potential replacement of high molecular weight synthetic polymers to improve safety and ameliorate environmental c...

CRC for Sheep Industry Innovation, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Industry & Investment NSW, Trangie Agricultural Research Centre, Trangie, NSW 2823 Department of Agriculture and Food WA, South Perth, WA 6150 Department of Primary Industries, Werribee, Victoria 3030 Present address: Food and Nutritional Sciences, CSIRO, Werribee, Victoria 3030 Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150 S...

1 Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, 1 Park Dr., Bundoora 3083, Australia; 2 The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; 3 Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands; 4 Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, B...