Recent studies by agriculture researchers in Pakistan have shown that attempts of crop yield maximization through pro-pesticide state policies have led to a dangerously high pesticide usage. These studies have reported a negative correlation between pesticide usage and crop yield in Pakistan. Hence excessive use (or abuse) of pesticides is harming the farmers with adverse financial, environment...

The agricultural informatization contribution rate is the proportion of the contribution of agricultural informatization to the algebraic summation of agricultural economy growth accounting for the agricultural economy growth. It is a comprehensive index which reflects the function of agricultural informatization in enhancing agricultural productivity and agricultural economy development. This ...

We derive a new clustering algorithm based on information theory and statistical mechanics, which is the only algorithm that incorporates scale. It also introduces a new concept into clustering: cluster independence. The cluster centers correspond to the local minima of a thermodynamic free energy, which are identified as the fixed points of a one-parameter nonlinear map. The algorithm works by...

This paper describes a knowledge-based crop recognition system, integrating remote sensing analysis and geographical information in hierarchical way. Landsat TM and Spot pan images were merged to reduce heterogeneity by enhancing field boundaries. Multi-temporal NDVI maps generated from these images were classified into eight crop types using unsupervised classification algorithm. Using agricul...

Wireless sensor networks have enticed much of the spotlight from researchers all around the world, owing to its extensive applicability in agricultural, industrial and military fields. Energy conservation node deployment stratagems play a notable role for active implementation of Wireless Sensor Networks. Clustering is the approach in wireless sensor networks which improves energy efficiency in...

Lysinibacillus sphaericus strain OT4b.31 is a native Colombian strain having no larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus and is widely applied in the bioremediation of heavy-metal polluted environments. Strain OT4b.31 was placed between DNA homology groups III and IV. By gap-filling and alignment steps, we propose a 4,096,672 bp chromosomal scaffold. The whole genome (consisting of 4,...

In this study, the structures, the IR spectroscopy, and the electronic properties of AunCum (n+m≤5) bimetallic clusters were studied and compared with those of pure gold and copper clusters using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and exchange correlation density functional theory (DFT). The study of an O2-AunCum system is important to identify the promotion effects of each of the two...

Though largely controlled in developed countries, measles remains a major global public health issue. Regional and local transmission patterns are rooted in human mixing behaviour across spatial scales. Identifying spatial interactions that contribute to recurring epidemics helps define and predict outbreak patterns. Using spatially explicit reported cases from measles outbreaks in Niger, we ex...

Aspergillus fumigatus is a versatile fungus able to successfully exploit diverse environments from mammalian lungs to agricultural waste products. Among its many fitness attributes are dozens of genetic loci containing biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) producing bioactive small molecules (often referred to as secondary metabolites or natural products) that provide growth advantages to the fungu...

Maya and Aztec cities exhibited a distinctive kind of low-density urbanism common in ancient Mesoamerica. The non-monumental components of these cities differed from the high-density ancient and historical cities in the Old World that are often considered the norm for pre-modern urbanism. Distinctive features include the practice of intensive agricultural cultivation within urban settlements, r...