A 6.2 L diesel engine that meets China VI emission standard was selected to run world harmonized transient cycle (WHTC) and California Low Load Cycle (LLC) measure the pollutants. The brake specific under two cycles were compared, nitrogen oxides (NOx) analyzed carefully. results show NOx of LLC this is about 15 times than hot WHTC, 4.7 limitation current standard. low inlet temperature selecti...

background and objective: mmp enzymes are a family of membrane proteins that are capable of digesting extracellular matrix compounds (ecm) and basement membrane. matrilysin enzyme is the smallest member of mmp family that is encoded by mmp-7 gene (matrilysin). according to the reports, g allele of -181 a/g single nucleotide polymorphism of mmp-7 gene causes an increase in the expression of this...

Fuel type and composition affect tailpipe emissions secondary aerosol production from mobile sources. This study assessed the influence of gasoline fuels with varying levels aromatics ethanol on primary formation a flexible fuel vehicle equipped port injection engine. The was exercised over LA92 US06 driving cycles using chassis dynamometer. Secondary potential measured fast oxidation flow reac...

Additive manufacturing (AM) can revolutionise engineering by taking advantage of unconstrained design and overcoming the limitations traditional capabilities. A promising application AM is in catalyst substrate manufacturing, aimed at enhancement catalytic efficiency reduction volume weight reactors exhaust gas aftertreatment systems. This work addresses fabrication innovative, hybrid monolithi...

Rich burn industrial natural gas engines offer best in class post catalyst emissions by using a non-selective reduction aftertreatment technology. However, they operate with reduced power density when compared to lean engines. Dedicated exhaust recirculation (EGR) offers possible pathway for rich use technology without sacrificing density. In order achieve emissions, the precious metals and was...

This study develops system-level models of ammonia-fuelled powertrains that reflect the characteristics four oceangoing vessels to evaluate efficacy ammonia as an alternative fuel in marine environment. Relying on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical engineering, adequately capture behaviour internal combustion engines, gas turbines, processing equipment, exhaust aftertreatment component...

This paper presents an experimental study of a 4-cylinder, downsized and boosted, spark ignition engine fuelled by either directly injected compressed natural gas (DI CNG) or gasoline (GDI). Three different charge preparation strategies are investigated for both fuels: stoichiometric operation without external dilution, with exhaust recirculation (EGR) lean burn. The performance the optimized D...

Stable ultra-lean combustion is an effective way for natural gas engines to reduce NOx emissions, but it also has higher requirements ignition stability. The passive pre-chamber can effectively increase the energy and extend lean-burn limit of engines. However, scavenging capacity limits its performance under low engine load. In this paper, several pre-chambers are designed, CFD simulation carr...