OBJECTIVES To determine whether middle-aged persons with depressive symptoms are at higher risk for developing activity of daily living (ADL) and mobility limitations as they advance into older age than those without. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING The Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative sample of people aged 50 to 61. PARTICIPANTS Seven thousand two h...

Population health is a concept that has been developed over several centuries by many disciplines. Over time various aspects of the concept have dominated as issues related to behaviors and beliefs surrounding health practices have emerged. This has created a cadre of terms that are often used interchangeably but have different meanings among various disciplines. This paper will review the conc...

Traditional soyfoods such as tofu and miso have been widely used in many East Asian countries for centuries. They have also been consumed by health-conscious individuals in Western countries for several decades. In recent years, because of purported health benefits, increased numbers of Westerners have decided to incorporate soy into their diets. Soyfoods hold particular appeal for postmenopaus...

If you are uncertain about the meaning of the terms “quadratic form” or “linear form”, definitions will appear in Section 2. Interestingly enough, this problem has a simple solution, and was answered several centuries ago. However, many people we talked to found it intriguing and were surprised they had not thought about or seen this problem before. A solution will be a part of what we present ...

Records of relative sea-level change extracted from corals of the Mentawai islands, Sumatra, imply that this 700-kilometer-long section of the Sunda megathrust has generated broadly similar sequences of great earthquakes about every two centuries for at least the past 700 years. The moment magnitude 8.4 earthquake of September 2007 represents the first in a series of large partial failures of t...

I nfluenza pandemics have occurred approximately every 10–50 yrs for at least several centuries, including three times in the 20th century. Influenza viruses can be highly contagious, spreading rapidly throughout regional and global populations. Furthermore, they can mutate rapidly and develop resistance to available treatments. Symptoms are generally of sudden onset, including fever, headache,...

INTRODUCTION Paper has been the dominating means for capturing and storing written language for several centuries. Recently, computers have been established in this domain at the same time offering a far wider range of features. This has led many to believe that the use of paper might be completely replaced by computers in the near future. Yet there is no empirical data supporting such a hypoth...

T HE MYSTERIOUS GENESIS of hematopoietic stem cells during early vertebrate development has intrigued investigators for several centuries. The molecular steps that lead to embryonic hematopoiesis remain to be determined, although recent studies have begun to define early events and migration patterns that regulate the hematopoietic program. This review will provide a historical background of th...

Ancient parasites of the genus Tunga originated in America and, during the first half of the 19th century, were transported to the Eastern Hemisphere on transatlantic voyages. Although they were first documented by Spanish chroniclers after the arrival of Columbus, little is known about their presence in pre-Hispanic America. To evaluate the antiquity of tungiasis in America, we assessed severa...

For centuries, scientists and physicians have been captivated by the consistent left-right (LR) asymmetry of the heart, viscera, and brain. A recent study implicated tubulin proteins in establishing laterality in several experimental models, including asymmetric chemosensory receptor expression in C. elegans neurons, polarization of HL-60 human neutrophil-like cells in culture, and asymmetric o...