Evaluation of the forcing of climate by aerosol scattering of shortwave radiation in cloud-free conditions (direct aerosol forcing) requires knowledge of aerosol optical properties on relevant spatial and temporal scales. It is convenient to measure these properties at the surface. However, before these measurements can be used to quantitatively estimate direct climate forcing, it is necessary ...

Aerosol scattering is an important source of error in CO2 retrievals from satellite. This paper presents an analysis of aerosol information content from the Cloud and Aerosol Polarimetric Imager (CAPI) onboard the Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite (TanSat) to be launched in 2016. Based on optimal estimation theory, aerosol information content is quantified from radiance and polarizat...

The AeroCom exercise diagnoses multicomponent aerosol modules in global modeling. In an initial assessment simulated global distributions for mass and mid-visible aerosol optical thickness (aot) were compared among 20 different modules. Model diversity was also explored in the context of previous comparisons. For the component combined aot general agreement has improved for the annual global me...

A thermal aerosol generation process is capable of delivering pure drug reliably to the alveoli where it is absorbed systemically. Although deep lung absorption of drugs administered as an aerosol has been shown to be rapid, detailed characterization of their absorption and distribution has not been reported. The present study describes the pharmacokinetics of prochlorperazine from the moment o...

Physically-based atmospheric correction of optical Earth Observation satellite data is used to accurately derive surface biogeophysical parameters free from the atmospheric influence. While water vapor or surface pressure can be univocally characterized, the compensation of aerosol radiometric effects relies on assumptions and parametric approximations of their properties. To determine the vali...

Generation of steady-state solid aerosol jets with controllable parameters is often necessary in experimental studies and industrial processes.Most of the current approaches use a  uidizedbed to produce an aerosol  owandalways introduce initial turbulence into the jet. Toproduce a laminar aerosol jet,  ow straighteners and long tubes are used that make the design cumbersome and in exible. I...

The aerosol models in MODTRAN are discussed. The focus in this report is on the boundary layer aerosol. The second part of the report outlines the major results of aircraft measurements of atmospheric aerosol obtained around Jabiru, N.T., in June and September 2003. These measurements are used to obtain theoretical multimode size distribution functions. The chemistry composition measurements ar...

Aerosol detection and monitoring by satellite observations has been substantially developed over past decades. While several state-of-art aerosol retrieval techniques provide aerosol properties in global scale, the more detail characteristics remain unknown because most of the satellite sensors are limited to 1km resolution observations. However, a new aerosol retrieval algorithm for the Modera...

This paper reviews the history of aerosol therapy; discusses patient, drug, and device factors that can influence the success of aerosol therapy; and identifies trends that will drive the science of aerosol therapy in the future. Aerosol medication is generally less expensive, works more rapidly, and produces fewer side effects than the same drug given systemically. Aerosol therapy has been use...

Aerosol optical depth measurements over Bahrain acquired through the ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network are analyzed. Optical depths obtained from ground-based sun/sky radiometers showed a pronounced temporal trend, with a maximum dust aerosol loading observed during the March to July period. The aerosol optical depth probability distribution is rather narrow with a modal value of about 0.25....