As aircraft wings become much more flexible due to the use of light-weight composites material, adverse aerodynamics at off-design performance can result from changes in wing shapes due to aeroelastic deflections. Increased drag, hence increased fuel burn, is a potential consequence. Without means for aeroelastic compensation, the benefit of weight reduction from the use of light-weight materia...

Drafting as a process to reduce drag and benefit from the presence of other competitors is applied in various sports with several recent examples competitive running formations. In this study, aerodynamics realistic model female runner calculated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations at four speeds 15 km/h, 18 21 36 km/h. Aerodynamic power fractions total energy expenditure are foun...

This paper presents some results from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of multi-megawatt crosswind kite spinning on circular path in straight downwind configuration. The unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations closed by the k−ω SST turbulence are solved three-dimensional space using ANSYS Fluent. flow behaviour is examined at rotation plane, and overall (or global) inductio...

Flight at high elevation is energetically demanding because of parallel reductions in air density and oxygen availability. The hovering flight of hummingbirds is one of the most energetically expensive forms of animal locomotion, but hummingbirds are nonetheless abundant at high elevations throughout the Americas. Two mechanisms enhance aerodynamic performance in high-elevation hummingbirds: in...