The licensed smallpox vaccine, ACAM2000, is a cell culture derivative of Dryvax. Both ACAM2000 and Dryvax are administered by skin scarification and can cause progressive vaccinia, with skin lesions that disseminate to distal sites. We have investigated the immunologic basis of the containment of vaccinia in the skin with the goal to identify safer vaccines for smallpox. Macaques were depleted ...

Vaccination hesitancy is a threat to herd immunity. Healthcare workers (HCWs) play key role in promoting Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination the general population. We therefore aimed provide data on COVID-19 acceptance/hesitancy among German HCWs. For this exploratory, cross-sectional study, an online survey was conducted February 2021. The included 54 items demographics; previous ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of coadministering tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) and influenza vaccines during pregnancy by comparing adverse events after concomitant and sequential vaccination. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women aged 14-49 years in the Vaccine Safety Datalink from January 1, 2007, to November 15, 2...

Vaccine safety is a topic of concern for the treated individual, the family, the health care personnel, and the others involved in vaccination programs as recipients or providers. Adjuvants are necessary components to warrant the efficacy of vaccines, however the overstimulation of the immune system is also associated with adverse effects. Local reactions are the most frequent manifestation of ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the proportion of children who developed a specified illness in the 7 day post-vaccination window, with the background rate of the same event in the 7 day pre-vaccination window. STUDY DESIGN Risk interval approach (Self-controlled case-series). SETTING Well Baby Clinic of Christian Medical College, Vellore. PARTICIPANTS 1602 healthy infants and under-six children pre...

The Great Lakes basin is characterized as a heavily populated and industrialized region in which a large number of environmental contaminants have been identified. Both the scientific community and the public have voiced concern that contaminants present in the Great Lakes may pose undue risk to human reproduction. Evidence from animal experiments, wildlife studies, and reports of occupational ...

The present work reports the use of non-living non-recombinant bacteria as a delivery system for mucosal vaccination. Antigens are bound to the cell-wall of pretreated Lactococcus lactis, designated as Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM), by means of a peptidoglycan binding domain. The influence of the GEM particles on the antigen-specific serum antibody response was studied. Following nasal im...

Vaccine adverse events (VAEs) are adverse bodily changes occurring after vaccination. Understanding the adverse event (AE) profiles is a crucial step to identify serious AEs. Two different types of seasonal influenza vaccines have been used on the market: trivalent (killed) inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) and trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). Different adverse event profil...