We will show that the ADM 3+1 evolution equations, for a zero shift vector, arise naturally from the equations for the second variation of arc-length.

The angular ADM reduction of the BTZ spacetime yields a Liouvilletype theory. The analysis of the resulting Liouville theory naturally leads to identification of the stretched horizon. The dynamics associated with the stretched horizon has a feature that seems consistent with the unsmooth horizon; the quantum gravity effects are essential for the unsmoothness. We show that the “anomaly” term in...

The positive mass theorem of general relativity to be addressed here states that the total mass of an isolated gravitational system (viewed from spatial infinity, known as the ADM mass) must be non-negative if its local mass density is non-negative everywhere, and in fact the mass is strictly positive unless the space-time is flat. In this essay we are only concerned with the first part of this...

We have examined a modified dilaton gravity whose action is separable into the kinetic and the cosmological terms for the sake of the quantization. The black hole solutions survive even in the quantized theory, but the ADM mass of the static solution is unbounded from below. Quantum gravitational effect on the interacting matter field is also examined. e-mail: [email protected]