Predominantly with cells in vitro but also with whole animals in vivo it has been shown that small radiation doses like other stress factors can render cells or organisms to a stage of higher radioresistance. This has been demonstrated with chromosomal aberrations, gene mutation, cell transformation and survival. However, it is necessary to keep the appropriate conditions in a very stringent wa...

objectives: the vineland adaptive behavior scale-ii is useful in assessing an individual’s daily functioning. they can be used as an evaluation and diagnostic tool for individuals who are mentally retarded or individuals with other handicaps. methods: to determine the efficacy of vabs in clinical settings, 3 cases with mental retardation and behavioral or emotional problems were evaluated accor...

The pKZ1 mouse chromosomal inversion assay is the only assay that has detected modulation of a mutagenic endpoint after single whole body X-irradiation with doses lower than 1 mGy. A non-linear dose response for chromosomal inversion has been observed in spleen and prostate between 0.001 mGy and 10 mGy, with doses between 0.005-0.01 mGy causing an increase in inversions and doses between 1-10 m...

Prior work has provided incremental phases to a microdosimetry modeling program to describe the dose response behavior of the radio-protective adaptive response effect. We have here consolidated these prior works (Leonard 2000, 2005, 2007a, 2007b, 2007c) to provide a composite, comprehensive Microdose Model that is also herein modified to include the bystander effect. The nomenclature for the m...

this study presents a new approach to control the nonlinear dynamics of an adaptive absorber using shape memory alloy (sma) element. shape memory alloys are classified as smart materials that can remember their original shape after deformation. stress and temperature-induced phase transformations are two typical behaviors of shape memory alloys. changing the stiffness associated with phase tran...