many studies have shown that cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen-4 (ctla-4) gene variants are associated with several autoimmune diseases particularly type 1 diabetes. due to the lack of consistent data for this association with type 2 diabetes (t2d), this study explored the possible influence of ctla-4 gene polymorphisms at -1722 (t/c), -318 (c/t), and +49 (g/a) positions for susceptibility to t2d ...

metallo-β-lactamase (mbl) producing pseudomonas aeruginosa has been reported to be an important nosocomial infection. its intrinsic and acquired resistance to various antimicrobial agents and its ability to develop multidrug resistance imposes a serious therapeutic problem. different clinical samples were collected from public and private hospitals in baghdad city, iraq. bacterial identificatio...

conclusions polymerase chain reaction has specificity and accuracy for identification of the organism and is able to differentiate biotypes. enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence is one of the informative and discriminative methods for the analysis of v. cholerae diversity. the rep-pcr is a less informative and discriminative method compared to other methods for the analysis ...

conclusions our findings showed that the genotype tt rs53576 oxtr, as well as t allele had significant differences in our population and play a protective role. therefore, it is suggested to place more interest on these oxtr in large populations and different ethnic groups. results the logistic regression analysis suggested no significant associations of oxtr single nucleotide polymorphism (snp...

alzheimer disease is one form of dementia in old age. alzheimer disease, the incurable disease, which is usually in the seventh decade of human life, shows its symptoms. the disease may be present for years without clinical symptoms. the current study identified the genes with altered expression in patients with alzheimer disease. the important sequence of each gene in alzheimer disease was fou...

background: human exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria (arb) is a public health concern which could occur in a number of ways. wastewaters seem to play an important role in the dissemination of bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes (args) in our environment. the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of three groups of arb and their resistance genes in hospital and municipal wa...

objective ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy is a rather severe type of congenital muscular dystrophy with early onset features related to motor development. in general it is inherited in autosomal recessive principles, however in the western world mostly seen with de novo dominant mutations in the collagen vi genes. milder form of the condition is the bethlem myopathy. there may be overlap ...

Four hundred bacterial isolates were isolated from rhizosphere of some plants collected from Egypt and screened for production of chitinase enzyme. Only four isolates designated MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS4 were the most potent chitinolytic bacterial species. SDS-PAGE analysis of vegetative and sporulated cells of the four isolates revealed that the protein profile of the four isolates were different ...

The use of lime to reduce or eliminate pathogen content is a cost-effective treatment currently employed in many Class B biosolids production plants in the United States. A bench scale model of lime stabilization was designed to evaluate the survival of adenovirus type 5, rotavirus Wa, and the male specific bacteriophage, MS2, in various matrices. Each virus was initially evaluated independentl...