The role of the interleukin (IL)23/IL17 axis in psoriasis is well-established and has led to development biologics targeting IL23 IL17A. Ustekinumab, targets IL12/23p40 shared subunit blocks IL23-receptor interactions, restricting activation Signal Transducer Activator Transcription 3 (STAT3) T cells, IL17A production. Secukinumab binding its receptor, preventing keratinocyte activation. Althou...

Abstract The intestinal microbiota contributes to gut immune homeostasis, where short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) function as the major mediators. We aimed elucidate immunomodulatory effects of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. With that in mind, we sought characterise expression SCFA receptors transporters well SCFAs’ impact on activation different cells. Whereas all three SCFAs decreased tumou...

Abstract Immunity is a balance of maximal pathogen defense with minimal host damage. Inhibitory immune receptors are important for maintaining this balance. We recently identified elevated levels leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptor protein1 (LAIR1), an inhibitory receptor, in cutaneous lymphoma patients, whom invasive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections frequent. the...

objective: it has been suggested that low frequency stimulation (lfs) exerts its inhibitory effect on epileptogenesis through adenosine receptors activation. in the present study, effect of different lfs frequencies on a1 and a2a receptors gene expression was investigated in perforant path kindled seizures. materials and methods: animals were kindled by perforant path stimulation. afterdischarg...

in the present study, the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of normal saline (control), histamine, mepyramine (a histamine h1-receptor antagonist) and ranitidine (a histamine h2-receptor antagonist) were investigated on the formalin-induced pain in rabbits. subcutaneous (sc) injection of a formalin (100 μl, 5%) solution into the ventral surface of the right hind paw was pe...

melatonin regulates some major physiological processes such as maturation and function of reproductive system, pubertal development, seasonal reproduction and adaptation. the activation of melatonin hormone is mediated by melatonin receptor. previous studies showed melatonin receptor 1a gene (mtnr1a) is highly polymorphic in seasonally breeding species. the aim of the present study was detectio...

chronic exposure to lead (pb) affects neural functions in central nervous system (cns) particularly the learning and memory. on the other hand, alteration of calcium level in the cns results in activation of nos. it has been shown that lead enters the neurons through calcium channels and displaces ca2+ from calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin and troponin c thereby affecting calcium-med...