Background & Aims: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic multipotant cells, which multiply through attaching to culture plates. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are inherent immune sensors and regulators of immunomodulatory activities of MSCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zymosan on stem cell polarization into anti-inflammatory phenotypes through the productio...

Email: Takeya Sato* [email protected]; Mitsuru Sato [email protected]; Mitsutaka Miura [email protected]; Nobuyo Higashi [email protected]; Da-Ren Wang [email protected]; Shinsuke Suzuki [email protected]; Katsuyuki Imai [email protected]; Naosuke Kojima [email protected]; Haruki Senoo [email protected] * Corresponding author

The incidence of reproductive disorders is constantly increasing and affects 15% couples, with male's abnormalities diagnosed in almost half the cases. male gonads exert two major functions testis productions gametes (exocrine function) sexual hormones (endocrine function). In last decades, next to steroid receptors such as estrogen androgen receptors, involvement other members nuclear receptor...

Astrocytes are the major glial cell type in central nervous system (CNS). Initially regarded as supportive cells, it is now recognized that this highly heterogeneous population an indispensable modulator of brain development and function. secrete neuroactive molecules regulate synapse formation maturation. They also express hundreds G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that, once activated by ne...

Background:Molecular biology and human medical genetics have introduced several novel biomarkers giving control over vital body functions, of these are transcriptional factors known as peroxisome proliferator activated- receptors “PPARs”. The aim this review is to shed light on available online information published research works about biomarkers. current will try display those findings mainly...

The mammalian genome encodes seven guanylyl cyclases, GC-A to GC-G, that are homodimeric transmembrane receptors activated by a diverse range of endogenous ligands. These enzymes convert guanosine-5'-triphosphate the intracellular second messenger cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP). GC-A, GC-B and GC-C expressed predominantly in cardiovascular system, skeletal system intestinal e...

antifibrotic therapies should preferentially be targeted to the activated hepatic mesenchymal cells. those cells resemble wound healing myofibroblasts and synthesize an excess of extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins. they derive from quiescent hepatic stellate cells (hsc) and portal/perivascular (myo-) fibroblasts (mf). whereas various agents have been shown to inhibit hsc/mf proliferation and c...

Shape is an indicator of cell health. But how is the information in shape decoded? We hypothesize that decoding occurs by modulation of signaling through changes in plasma membrane curvature. Using analytical approaches and numerical simulations, we studied how elongation of cell shape affects plasma membrane signaling. Mathematical analyses reveal transient accumulation of activated receptors ...

objective: leishmaniasis is caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus leishmania which in the infected host is obligate intracellular parasite. lack gene is conserved among related leishmania species. lack is the immuno-dominant antigen of l.major which is considered as the most promising molecule for a recombinant or dna vaccine against leishmaniasis. materials and methods: in this study the ...