Fuel ethanol can be produced from bamboo by concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis followed by continuous ethanol fermentation. To reduce the environmental impact of this process, treatment of the stillage, reuse of the sulfuric acid and reduction of the process water used were studied. The total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of stillage decreased from 29,688 to 269 mg/l by thermophilic met...

Improvement of food worker hand washing practices is critical to the reduction of foodborne illness and is dependent upon a clear understanding of current hand washing practices. To that end, this study collected detailed observational data on food worker hand washing practices. Food workers (n = 321) were observed preparing food, and data were recorded on specific work activities for which han...

Traditionally, wool fibers are dyed with acid dyes at the boil, which is energy-intensive process, and increases cost of dyeing. The development alternative energy-efficient dyeing processes quite attractive to textile industry make sustainable. In this work, feasibility low-temperature fabric several aniline sulfonic (ASA) derivatives by oxidative polymerization method was investigated. effect...

Here, a novel fabrication method for making free-standing 3D hierarchical porous carbon aerogels from molecularly engineered biomass-derived hydrogels is presented. In situ formed flower-like CaCO3 embedded within the hydrogel network regulated pore structure during in mineralization assisted one-step activation graphitization (iMAG), while intrinsic structural integrity of was maintained. The ...

Micron-sized flower-like particles with plate-like titania petals were prepared by acid and posthydrothermal treatment of lithium titanate hydrate (LTH). Hydrolysis titanium alkoxide ethanol washing used to create porous hydrous spherical shapes. Hydrothermal in LiOH aqueous solution resulted the formation crystals LTH on particles. Li ions removed maintaining appearance original stirring 0.1 M...

The elderly who is confined to bed or demented may choke if their cerebrum is not sufficiently aroused while eating. Therefore, this study focused on determining if hygienic care of the hands and fingers would have a biologically stimulative effect and on verifying whether using a warm cloth or warm water was more effective for cerebral activation. The results suggest that when assisting the el...

Modification of soybean hulls with citric acid (CA) improves the metal ion binding capacity of the hulls. A process for this modification has been developed. However, the process must be optimized for it to be cost effective. In this regard, the objectives of this study were (1) to develop a wash procedure to remove non-reacted or residual CA after soybean hull modification in order to maximize...

A tetrazolium salt has been used to develop a quantitative colorimetric assay for mammalian cell survival and proliferation. The assay detects living, but not dead cells and the signal generated is dependent on the degree of activation of the cells. This method can therefore be used to measure cytotoxicity, proliferation or activation. The results can be read on a multiwell scanning spectrophot...

A total gold extraction of 70.2% could only be reached via direct cyanidation from a refractory As-, Sand C-bearing gold concentrate calcine, and the gold extraction varied noticeably with different size fractions. The reasons for unsatisfactory gold extraction from the calcine were studied through analyses of chemical composition, chemical phase and SEM-EDS of different sizes of particles. It ...

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and other synthetic polycarboxylic acids have been shown to possess substantial capacity as washing agents of heavy metal-polluted soils, but they are environmentally problematic. Therefore, a sample of natural soluble humic substances (HS) was tested as a possible substitute. The efficiency of HS to extract cadmium (Cd), copp...