More freshwater ecosystems are drying in response to global change thereby posing serious threat to freshwater biota and functions. The production of desiccation-resistant forms is an important adaptation that helps maintain biodiversity in temporary freshwaters by buffering communities from drying, but its potential to mitigate the negative effects of drying in freshwater ecosystems could vary...

A chart relating temperature and velocity to the drying time of single layered shredded breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis, is presented. Breadfruit, which can be dried and ground into gluten-free flour, was placed on screens in a controlled drying chamber. A design of experiment based on the independent variables of temperature (21, 40, 55°C), absolute humidity (0.01, 0.01125, 0.0125 kg/kg dry air...

in the present study, saffron was dried using a heat pump-assisted hybrid photovoltaic-thermal solar dryer. the effect of different drying air temperatures at three levels (40, 50, and 60oc) and two different modes of the dryer (with and without heat pump system) were investigated on drying behaviour of saffron. after collecting the pertinent data, eleven drying models were used to describe dry...

Background. Drying is the oldest method of food preservation. It works by removing water from the food, which prevents the growth of microorganisms and decay. Moreover, spray or freeze drying is also used for the preservation of probiotic cultures. The aim of this study was to compare a survival rate of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus during spray and freeze drying in ATPS. These res...

Drying is the most common and fundamental procedure in the post-harvest processing which contributes to the quality and valuation of medicinal plants. However, attention to and research work on this aspect is relatively poor. In this paper, we reveal dynamic variations of concentrations of five major bioactive components, namely salvianolic acid B (SaB), dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, t...

Supercritical carbon dioxide has replaced many liquid organic solvents in industry due to its tunable solvent properties, environmental friendliness, and easily achievable critical parameters. The unique properties of supercritical fluids in general, such as gas-like diffusivity and zero surface tension, make them particularly applicable to the field of conservation. This presentation reports o...

Solid biofuels, such as bark, forest residues, sawdust, and wood chips are important mill fuels in the forest industry. They are combusted in combined heat and power plants (CHP-plants) to generate heat and electricity for pulp and paper making processes. Biofuels usually have high moisture content. The high moisture content decreases the effective heating value of fuel and makes the operation ...

The vacuum oven-drying method (60#{176}C) was compared with the freeze-drying method. By the former method, 72.85 ± 0.0374 (SD) % moisturewas removed, by thelatter, 81.04 ± 0.050%.The feces were from the same source. With the freeze-drying method total moisture removed is clearly greater, and the time required was only 16 h, as compared with 48 h required by the vacuum oven-drying method. There...

Wood drying is essential for preparation of this natural resource for practical applications. Solar drying can reduce drying costs and energy consumption. There are many potential models to describe the drying process. However, most models confirm that the tortuosity of the moisture transport path is an important control parameter during the diffusion-controlled drying process. Microwave heatin...

A forced convection solar drier is designed with evacuated tube collector and a blower. The performance of the designed drier is evaluated by carrying drying experiments at Thanjavur District, Tamilnadu, India with amla. Solar drying of amla is carried at different air velocity flow rates – 4m/s, 4.25m/s and 4.5m/s and is compared with natural sun drying. The temperature of the drying chamber r...