This is a review of the current literature describing the effect of atropine, bifocals, and/or contact lenses on slowing the progression of myopia. Cumulative data from a number of studies have demonstrated atropine instilled once a day in myopic eyes resulted in a 90% average reduction of myopia progression, as compared to untreated eyes, i.e., from 0.50 D/year to 0.05 D/year. Pirenzepine, a m...

An optical switch was implemented in the reference arm of an extended depth SD-OCT system to sequentially acquire OCT images at different depths into the eye ranging from the cornea to the retina. A custom-made accommodation module was coupled with the delivery of the OCT system to provide controlled step stimuli of accommodation and disaccommodation that preserve ocular alignment. The changes ...

PURPOSE To compare the ocular wavefront aberration between pharmacologically- and stimulus-driven accommodation in phakic eyes of young subjects. METHODS The aberration structure of the tested eye when accommodating was measured using the Complete Ophthalmic Analysis System (COAS; AMO WaveFront Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA). It was used in conjunction with a purposely-modified Badal optomet...

http://www.avehjournal.org doi:10.4102/aveh.v74i1.28 Accommodation is the process by which the human eye changes its focus to see objects at varying distances from the eye. For nearly 300 years, scientists have investigated and presented various views on the mechanism of accommodation. The purpose of this review is to present both the historical and contemporary theories that underpin the proce...

Under natural viewing conditions, viewers do not just passively perceive. Instead, they dynamically scan the visual scene by shifting their eye fixation and focus between objects at different viewing distances. In doing so, the oculomotor processes of accommodation (eye focus) and vergence (angle between lines of sight of two eyes) must be shifted synchronously to place new objects in sharp foc...

The eye's longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) is known to drive `reflex' accommodation to moving objects, but the evidence is not as clear for stationary objects. The present study examined whether accommodation can be driven by static simulations of the effects of defocus and LCA. Accommodation was recorded continuously while each of 12 subjects viewed images (through a 0.75 mm pinhole) th...

introduction: it has been known for a long time in the french-speaking, but not the english-speaking literature that travel can exacerbate pre-existing psychosis. the purpose of this article was to review the literature on this subject and present recommendations for prevention. methods: for this narrative review of the literature on travel risks in individuals with pre-existing psychosis, appr...

Evidence is presented for an active corneal component of accommodation in chicks. Using anesthetized chicks, consistent increases in corneal curvature were observed during accommodation produced either by electrical stimulation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus or by topical application of 0.4% nicotine sulfate to the cornea. Electrical stimulation produced a mean accommodative amplitude of 9.2 d...

The results of our previous studies suggest that the rostral superior colliculus (SC) is involved in the control of accommodation in the cat. The accommodation-related area in the rostral SC projects into the pretectum and the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), indicating that these areas may also be involved in the control of accommodation. In this study, we tried to identify cat midbrai...

In the aftermath of large refugee arrivals in 2015, EU regulations and national asylum laws were tightened, especially those regarding reception and accommodation. The current contribution introduces the concept of "campization" to explain the impact of law and policy changes on the socio-spatial configuration and functions of refugee accommodation in European capital regions. Based on qualitat...