The natural direct and indirect effects in causal mediation analysis with survival data having one mediator is addressed by VanderWeele. He derived an approach for (1) accelerated failure time regression model general cases (2) a proportional hazards when the time-to-event outcome rare. If not rare, then VanderWeele did derive simple closed-form expression log-natural because baseline cumulativ...

This paper deals with the Markov modeling and reliability analysis of urea synthesis system of a fertilizer plant. This system was modeled using Markov birth–death process with the assumption that the failure and repair rates of each subsystem follow exponential distribution. The first-order Chapman–Kolmogorov differential equations are developed with the use of mnemonic rule and these equation...

We examine the impact of aid for trade (AFT) on bilateral trade costs of African Nations. Using a comprehensive bilateral trade cost data from Arvis et al. (2013) and focusing on AFT recipients in Africa spanning the years 2002-2010, we show that increased AFT reduces bilateral trading costs, more so for the recipient’s trade with each other than recipients’ trade with their donors. Despite dif...

Accelerated life tests (ALTs) are widely used in many applications for the time-effective assessment of products. Statistical analysis of the performance degradation paths of the products combined with actual failure times have the competence to provide more accurate lifetime estimates. We propose two nonparametric methods for analyzing the ALT data where the degradation paths and failure times...

water is the most essential component for sustaining lives of humans and other living creatures. supplying potable water with adequate residual pressure is a fundamental responsibility of city administration, which they do during normal conditions. but sometimes, abnormal conditions are formed resulting pressure deficient conditions during the daily operations of water distribution networks. th...

Survival analysis, often called time-to-event analysis, is a set of methods focused on failure time prediction. Such methods are developed in a variety of research domains like medicine, sociology, economics or engineering, and are used to analyze different types of failures. For example, in business applications the failure may denote bankruptcy or loan default. One of the most important chara...

PURPOSE Academic failure tolerance (AFT) is one of the important psychological concepts in education, but its applications in medical education are rare. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of academic failure tolerance on academic achievement fluctuation among medical school students using a longitudinal research design. METHODS The subjects were 43 medical students...

AIM To study the pathophysiology of defecation disorders in patients with primary pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and the diagnostic potential of anorectal function testing (AFT) including endosonography in the work-up of these patients. METHODS 59 Patients were evaluated with a validated questionnaire, clinical examination, AFT and endosonography. RESULTS Women with POP showed lower squeezing ...