Thirteen oncogenic and necrotizing animal viruses were assayed in LIFE Sciences, Inc. (LSI)-specific pathogen-free Japanese quail and LSI-specific pathogen-free chicken embryo cell cultures. Nine viruses produced similar titers in the quail and chicken cell systems, whereas four viruses showed significantly higher titers in chickens. Young Japanese quail and chickens were inoculated with five s...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, abundant, non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression by interfering with translation or stability of mRNA transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. A total of 734 precursor and 996 mature miRNAs have so far been identified in the chicken genome. A number of these miRNAs are expressed in a cell type-specific manner, and understanding their function requires deta...

Chicks of distinct genotypes at the tumor virus B locus (TVB) in combination with presence or absence of endogenous avian leukosis virus ev21 gene in their genomes were examined for survival day patterns after challenge with very virulent plus Marek’s disease virus (vv+MDV) in three consecutive trials under controlled conditions. The distinct genotypic groups of the challenged birds were TVB*S1...

We have previously described an approach that employs retroviral receptor-ligand bridge proteins to target retroviral vectors to specific cell types. To determine whether targeted retroviral entry can also be achieved using a retroviral receptor-single-chain antibody bridge protein, the TVA-MR1 fusion protein was generated. TVA-MR1 is comprised of the extracellular domain of the TVA receptor fo...

The RNAs of several classes of avian and murine RNA tumor viruses were compared. The 60-70s RNA complex of cloned nondefective avian sarcomaviruses contains only 30-40s RNA species of class a, which are larger than the 30-40s RNA species of class b found in avian transformation-defective or leukosis viruses. The RNA of a recombinant avian sarcoma virus, carrying a host range marker of a leukosi...

Avian lymphoid leukosis can be induced by lymphoid leukosis viruses belonging to Subgroups A, B, C, and D. The endogenous virus of the chicken (Rous-associated virus type 0) belongs to Subgroup E and has little, if any, potential for inducing lymphoid leukosis. Nearly all chicken flocks are infected with Subgroup A lymphoid leukosis virus. This virus can be transmitted from dam to offspring or ...

Chicken endogenous viruses, ALVE (Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup E), are inherited as LTR (long terminal repeat) retrotransposons, which are negatively correlated with disease resistance, and any changes in DNA methylation may contribute to the susceptibility to neoplastic disease. The relationship between ALVE methylation status and neoplastic disease in the chicken is undefined. White Leghorn ...