Automatic, accurate and online fault detection of heating ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) subsystems, such as chillers, is highly demanded in building management system (BMS) to prevent energy waste and high maintenance cost. However, most fault detection techniques require rich faulty training data which is usually unavailable. In this study, a novel hybrid method is proposed to detect fau...

Sub-wavelength photonic structures and nanoscale materials have the potential to greatly improve the efficiencies of solar cells by enabling maximum absorption of sunlight. Semiconductor heterostructures provide versatile opportunities for improving absorption of infrared radiation in photovoltaic devices, which accounts for half of the power in the solar spectrum. These ideas can be combined i...

in this study, for increasing absorption of the active layer in bulk hetero junction (bhj) organic solar cells (oscs) we used surface plasmon effects of metal nano particles (mnps). we embedded the mnps inside the active layer and studied the device structure. for shown the results we investigated the model of our structure with finite difference time domain (fdtd) numerical method and achieved...

The fraction of solar wind which interacts with the dayside ionosphere and atmosphere of Venus was calculated assuming the presence ofmagnetic field fluctuations in the, • ionosheath region and taking into consideration the interaction with the upper neutral atmosphere extending above the ionopause. The Monte Carlo calculations indicated that fluctuations with Brms/(B) of 0.3, a not unreasonabl...

Broadening the absorption bandwidth of polymer solar cells by incorporating multiple absorber donors into the bulk-heterojunction active layer is an attractive means of resolving the narrow absorption of organic semiconductors. However, this leads to a much more complicated system, and previous efforts have met with only limited success. Here, several dual-donor and multi-donor bulk-heterojunct...

Imprinted silver nanovoid arrays are investigated via angle-resolved reflectometry to demonstrate their suitability for plasmonic light trapping. Both wavelength- and subwavelength-scale nanovoids are imprinted into standard solar cell architectures to achieve nanostructured metallic electrodes which provide enhanced absorption for improving solar cell performance. The technique is versatile, l...