BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global mortality. Risk factor management in clinical practice often relies on relative risk modification rather than the more appropriate absolute risk assessment. AIM To determine whether patients receiving more-frequently designated GP visits had increased benefit in terms of their absolute CVD risk assessment, as compared wit...

For the individual patient with primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN), it remains a challenge to predict long-term outcomes for patients receiving standard treatment. We studied a prospective cohort of 332 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN patients followed over an average of 13 years. We calculated an absolute renal risk (ARR) of dialysis or death by counting the number of risk factors present at diag...

The study "Alexander" on bacterial resistance to antibiotics conducted in Poland revealed high sensitivity of bacterial strains to simple and cheap antibiotics. In Poland pharmacoeconomic studies on the safety, effectiveness and costs of treatment are rare. Development of therapeutic standards in bacterial infections on the basis of pharmacoeconomic analyses and clinical studies determining eff...

Informed participation in population based screening programmes requires an explicit sharing of information about risks and benefits. However, many factors influence perceptions of risk and the value of risk reduction promised through screening. Campaigns that selectively quote incidence to “frighten” women into undergoing mammography have been criticised. Perceived risk, not objective risk, ex...

It is unclear whether seasonal influenza vaccination results in a net increase or decrease in the risk for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). To assess the effect of seasonal influenza vaccination on the absolute risk of acquiring GBS, we used simulation models and published estimates of age- and sex-specific risks for GBS, influenza incidence, and vaccine effectiveness. For a hypothetical 45-year-...

The study "Alexander" on bacterial resistance to antibiotics conducted in Poland revealed high sensitivity of bacterial strains to simple and cheap antibiotics. In Poland pharmacoeconomic studies on the safety, effectiveness and costs of treatment are rare. Development of therapeutic standards in bacterial infections on the basis of pharmacoeconomic analyses and clinical studies determining eff...