Abstract The Water Quality Index (WQI) is a single, deferential metric for describing the state of water quality as whole, which aids in selection effective remediation strategies. Fifteen surface samples were taken from Euphrates AlHaydria neighborhood AL-Najaf (Iraq). Various physicochemical parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium, chloride, sulfate, and electrical con...

ABSTRACT This article analyses how the state in Senegal has managed hajj since liberalisation era early 2000s. Although essence of is religious, it also deeply political and requires that manages complex relations with pilgrims, religious leaders, private travel agencies, politicians Saudi authorities. argues three inter-related imperatives structure conduct Senegalese state: a security imperat...

This paper looks at how the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca (the Hajj) adapted novel circumstances created by COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. The has been an entirely and, probably, dominant liminal situation which significantly affected behavior of faithful way their individual identity transformed, least psychological sense. Following introductory overview, provides a brief description ritual ...

Background: Annually, in the month of Dhul hijjah, over 2 million Muslims travel to Saudi Arabia perform Hajj. Hajj is biggest mass gathering globally, which creates a significant influence on Hajjes' health. The Omani medical mission official delegation from government serve hajjees regarding their health Sduring 1440 H. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional study at Medical missions Makkah, M...