during the islamic period of iran except for public complexes including buildings as bazaar, reservoir, caravansary, etc. there were burial complexes that occupy a special place in the architecture of the epoch. these complexes were first built as the burial ground of a famous political or religious figure and along the time other buildings such as mosque, madreseh (school), monastery, caravans...

(How and why to measure the germination process?). In the last two centuries, papers have been published including measurements of the germination process. High diversity of mathematical expressions has made comparisons between papers and some times the interpretation of results difficult. Thus, in this paper is included a review about measurements of the germination process, with an analysis o...

abstract: after the collapse of the soviet :union:, and the geopolitical changes in the region, which caused emergence of four new states, the outlook to the caspian sea and it's issues have changed. dealing with numerouse oil contracts with multinational companies and the entrance of transnational states and organizations, aggrevated the political and economic competitions and increased t...

Mikania micrantha H.B.K is an invasive alien weed in South China. To help understand the mechanisms of its invasiveness, we studied its seed germination ecophysiology. We found that the optimal temperatures for seed germination were 25, 30, 15/30°C (night/day), and an ambient temperature (24-32°C). Germination percentage (GP) in dark was less than 10%, and it increased with increasing light int...

We previously reported a human-specific gene conversion of SIGLEC11 by an adjacent paralogous pseudogene (SIGLEC16P), generating a uniquely human form of the Siglec-11 protein, which is expressed in the human brain. Here, we show that Siglec-11 is expressed exclusively in microglia in all human brains studied-a finding of potential relevance to brain evolution, as microglia modulate neuronal su...

The aim of this note is to inform the interested reader about the possibility of obtaining several new fonts: Croatian Glagolitic (round – sometimes called Bulgarian glagolitic, angular, Baška tablet, cursive, ligatures, the Baromić broken ligatures, calligraphic), Croatian Cyrillic, stećak ornaments and Croatian wattle patterns. They represent a considerable extension of the first version of G...

Recent climate reconstructions are analyzed specifically for insights into those patterns of climate variability in past centuries with greatest impact on the North American region. Regional variability, largely associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and multidecadal patterns of natural variability, are found to mask the emergen...

This brief overview of obesity in art will look at how fatness has been depicted in Western art and its antecedents from classical times to the present day; what, if anything, this can tell us about how prevalent obesity was in previous centuries, and how the meanings attached to being fat may have altered over the years.

The Almagest star catalog (ASC) has for centuries invited speculation about who actually compiled it. Of its many curious features, the fact that the catalog contains no stars which are visible in Alexandria but not visible in Rhodes suggested to Delambre that perhaps the catalog was actually compiled by Hipparchus, who is known to have lived in Rhodes (at about 36° north latitude), and not by ...