AIM Primitive reflexes can reappear with diseases of the brain, particularly those affecting the frontal lobes. Most studies on primitive reflexes have reported an association between such reflexes and brain damage, and the clinical symptoms of dementia. These reflexes can also be present during eating; however, their effects on eating function are difficult to evaluate. The purpose of the pres...

A standardised protocol for the examination of 15 primitive reflexes in which the amplitude and the persistence were scored separately, was applied to 25 patients with Parkinson's disease and an equal number of healthy matched control subjects. Most reflexes were found considerably more often in the patients than in the control subjects, especially the snout, the glabellar tap, and its variant,...

The term reflex is used in its widest sense and denotes the neural processes and effector responses controlled by the evoking stimulus and the feedback stimuli. The reflexes having their specific component facilitated by drive central processes are denoted as higher. Escape, avoidance and approach higher reflexes are distinguished: they include, respectively, pain, fear and appetite drive centr...

Abstract Mechanical algesia is an important process for the preservation of living organisms, allowing potentially life-saving reflexes or decisions when given body parts are stressed. Yet, its various underlying mechanisms remain to be fully unraveled. Here, we quantitatively discuss how detection painful mechanical stimuli by human central nervous system may, partly, rely on thermal measureme...

BACKGROUND Children are at daily risk for exposure to organophosphate insecticides, of which the most common is chlorpyrifos (CPF). Exposure of pregnant women to CPF was linked to decreased birth weight, abnormal reflexes, reduction in IQ, as well as increased maternal reports of signs of pervasive developmental disorder. The aim of current study was to examine the long term effects of prenatal...