X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder with impaired beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and reduced function of peroxisomal very long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (VLCS) that leads to severe and progressive neurological disability. The X-ALD gene, identified by positional cloning, encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein (adrenoleukodystrophy protei...

Cerebrovascular disease causes a heavy burden for society. To avoid disability and reduce costs, stroke prevention is essential. The Early Use of Existing Preventive Strategies for Stroke (EXPRESS) and Transient Ischemic Attack Clinic with Round-the-Clock Access (SOS-TIA) studies in Oxfordshire and Paris suggested that rapid investigation and treatment can prevent early stroke in TIA patients. ...

Opening day, 27 May, had participants fully occupied from 8.30 to 19.30 h, using all 6 major rooms and lecture halls including plenary sessions in the Victoria Hall. The early morning started with a symposium on smallvessel disease (H. Chabriat, M. Dichgans, chairs). Individual sessions in parallel covered oral presentations on acute events (TIA included), patterns and treatment of acute stroke...

British Journal of General Practice, January 2013 53 INTRODUCTION Stroke units make a big difference to the lives of your patients and their families, following what is generally an earthshattering event. While working in a stroke unit, you will see a vast spectrum of patients, some who make a full recovery, some who subsequently deteriorate, and the majority who fall somewhere in between. You ...

The yearly incidence of TIA in the United States has been estimated to be approximately 200,000 to 500,000 but may be higher because of the high frequency of underreporting of these events by medical professionals. The annual incidence of TIA may be less and the annual incidence of stroke may be higher if the tissue-based definition were applied to all patients evaluated for TIA. It has been es...

Before choosing a management strategy for the patient described, the first question is a diagnostic one. What happened and why? The most probable diagnosis, but certainly not the only one, is transient ischemic attack (TIA). We might increase our diagnostic certainty with MRI; acute infarction on diffusion-weighted imaging confirms the diagnosis of an ischemic neurovascular event. However, in t...

This study aims to determine whether Emergency Department (ED) physicians can use an abbreviated bedside ultrasound protocol to accurately evaluate the condition of the carotid arteries. Our primary outcome was the accuracy with which the ED study predicted a category of stenosis as compared to the degree of stenosis based on a formal carotid ultrasound. The secondary outcome was the accuracy w...