testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

1.0 overview it seems that grammar plays a crucial role in the area of second and foreign language learning and widely has been acknowledged in grammar research. in other words, teaching grammar is an issue which has attracted much attention to itself, and a lot of teachers argue about the existence of grammar in language teaching and learning. this issue will remind us a famous sentence f...

In This paper we will introduce the process of design and manufacturing an electron accelerator with 10MeV energy and 100kW power as the first Iranian powerful industrial electron accelerator. This accelerator designed based on modeling of one of the most powerful industrial accelerator called Rhodotron. But the design of the accelerator in a way that can be localize by relying on domestic indu...

the main purpose of this study was to investigate any relationship between high school efl teachers metaphorical understandings of their role in class and their self-efficacy beliefs. teachers metaphors were elicited through two different prompts: one picturing what they believed a language teacher should be like in class, and the other demonstrating what they are actually like in class; such...

Currently, one of the urban management challenges is balanced spatial distribution of services and economic and social indicators in response to citizens. One of the factors of the formation of inequalities in Tehran districts is the physical growth and development of Tehran Metropolis and lack of proportional and coordinate distribution of facilities and urban services with it. The purpose of ...

Human societies are increasingly and rapidly developing. These changes and revolutions influence human attitudes, world views, values and expectations along with changes in higher education. Universities as one of the most thoughtful institutes are responsible for fulfilling national development objectives. So, as their mission they ought to activate their member organs in accordance with devel...