Information is commonly transmitted through statements in natural language. The statement ‘Mary is young’, for instance, provides partial information about Mary’s age. If initially we know nothing about Mary’s age and we subsequently hear that she is young, our knowledge about her age has increased, although we remain uncertain about her exact age. In this paper we are concerned with the inform...

To produce an adequate translation, language students are required to learn varieties of language features including syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Considering the curriculum language learners are face with, one can claim that almost all language students in Iran are taught these features in their academic settings including linguistic courses. Yet, there are some aspects of language which a...

In this paper a new method based on fuzzy theory is developed to solve the project scheduling problem under fuzzy environment. Assuming that the duration of activities are trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TFN), in this method we compute several project characteristics such as earliest times, latest times, and, slack times in term of TFN. In this method, we introduce a new approach which we call modif...

in this paper, the pricing of a european call option on the underlying asset is performed by using a monte carlo method, one of the powerful simulation methods, where the price development of the asset is simulated and value of the claim is computed in terms of an expected value. the proposed approach, applied in monte carlo simulation, is based on the black-scholes equation which generally def...

The paper discusses the problem of modelling linguistic uncertainty, which is the uncertainty produced by statements in natural language. For example, the vague statement`Mary is young' produces uncertainty about Mary's age. We concentrate on simple aarmative statements of the typèsubject is predicate', where the predicate satisses a special condition called monotonicity. For this case, we mode...