Contributing Authors: Douglas Arent (USA), Greg Arrowsmith (Belguim/United Kingdom), Morgan Bazilian (Austria/USA), Lori Bird (USA), Thomas Boermans (Germany), Alex Bowen (United Kingdom), Sylvia Breukers (The Netherlands), Thomas Bruckner (Germany), Sebastian Busch (Austria/Germany), Elisabeth Clemens (Norway), Peter Connor (United Kingdom), Felix Creutzig (Germany), Peter Droege (Liechtenstei...

Three alternatively spliced variants have been described in the literature: including isoform 1, isoform 2, and isoform 3. Isoform 1 is preferentially expressed in the brain and it encodes a protein of 250 amino acids. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 are mainly expressed in the prostate. Compared to isoform 1, isoform 2 has additional 32 amino acids at the N-terminus and isoform 3 contains extra 25 ami...

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. It activates its target cells via binding to the membrane-bound IL-11 receptor (IL-11R), which then recruits homodimer of ubiquitously expressed, signal-transducing gp130. Besides this classic signaling pathway, can also bind soluble forms IL-11R (sIL-11R), IL-11/sIL-11R complexes activate inductio...

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