The relationship between the activity of painting and performance of stereotyped and other stress-related behaviour was investigated in four captive Asian elephants at Melbourne Zoo, Australia. The activity involved the elephant being instructed to paint on a canvas by its keeper in front of an audience. Painting by elephants in zoos is commonly believed to be a form of enrichment, but this ass...

This paper presents an internally consistent analysis of the economic determinants of the term structure of credit spreads across different credit rating classes and industry sectors. Our analysis proceeds in two steps. First, we extract three economic factors from 13 time series that capture three major dimensions of the economy: inflation pressure, real output growth, and financial market vol...

In this paper, a low leakage multi Vth level shifter is designed for robust voltage shifting from sub threshold to above threshold domain using MTCMOS technique and sleepy keeper. Multi Threshold CMOS is an effective circuit level technique that improves the performance and design by utilizing both low and high threshold voltage transistors. Power dissipation has become an overriding concern fo...

We study the impact of outright (i.e., permanent) Open Market Operations (POMOs) by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) on the microstructure of the secondary U.S. Treasury market. POMOs are trades in U.S. Treasury securities aimed at accomplishing the Federal Reserve’s target level of the federal funds rate. Our analysis is motivated by a parsimonious model of speculative trading in t...