Alpha-amylase is a major and well-characterized component of human saliva. Recent proteomic studies suggested that this protein could be observed in more than twenty spots on 2-D gels of salivary proteins. The aim of this work was to investigate this unexpected redundancy. 2-D gel electrophoresis was combined with systematic MALDI-TOF MS analysis. More than 140 protein spots identifying the alp...

Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes tularemia in humans and animals. Although it is one of the most infectious bacterial pathogens, little is known about its virulence mechanisms. In this study, the response of F. tularensis live vaccine strain to iron depletion, which simulates the environment within the host, was investigated. In order t...

Letter To Editor: I am a clinician working in a private set-up in India. I would like to draw attention to a common observation seen on the skin of patients presenting to the pain clinic. Many of the patients have discrete, 1–4 mm in diameter, hypo/de-pigmented spots on the skin surface. Although these are obviously visible, the patients themselves were not aware of their existence or the time ...

Many prey species exhibit defensive traits to decrease their chances of predation. Conspicuous eye-spots, concentric rings of contrasting colours, are one type of defensive trait that some species exhibit to deter predators. We examined the function of eye-spots in Lepidoptera to determine whether they are effective at deterring predators because they resemble eyes ('eye mimicry hypothesis') or...

We performed an extensive numerical study of pattern formation scenarios in the twodimensional Gray-Scott reaction-diffusion model. We concentrated on the parameter region in which there exists a strong separation of length and/or time scales. We found that the static one-dimensional autosolitons (stripes) break up into two-dimensional radially-symmetric autosolitons (spots). The traveling one-...

A proteomic approach was applied to compare the secretome (culture filtrate proteome) of phosphate-sufficient (+Pi) and Pi-deficient (-Pi) Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cell cultures. Secretomes harvested from the +Pi and -Pi cells yielded dissimilar 2-DE maps. PMF via MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of 50 protein spots representing 37 discrete proteins having unique gene identiti...

the effect of forest roads on the extent and type of fire damage occurred in forests and rangelands of the neka county in mazandaran province was investigated. for this purpose, all fire spots, stand number, percentage and type of injury and damage to tree species, and average diameter at breast height (dbh) were noted with 100% inventory; area and geographic location of access roads were deter...

abstract background: oligodendrogliomas are sub-types of gliomas with an enriched net of branching capillary. a vast amount of oligodendroglial (approximately 60-90%) demonstrates a loss of 1p and 19q chromosomes, and their response to radio and chemotherapy treatments are considerably more favorable and less aggressive. rho gdp inhibitor is a protein which controls the activity and distributio...

Learning environments provide extensive logging capabilities that document learner activities. Careful interpretation of these logs can be used for quality assurance and student evaluation. We present a logfile processor that reads Toolbook logfiles and collects data for determining “hot spots” (i.e. particularly good or bad spots) in a course or in learner behaviour. Hot spots show up as extre...

BACKGROUND The consecutive monoculture for most of medicinal plants, such as Rehmannia glutinosa, results in a significant reduction in the yield and quality. There is an urgent need to study for the sustainable development of Chinese herbaceous medicine. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Comparative metaproteomics of rhizosphere soil was developed and used to analyze the underlying mechanism of...