This paper presents an analysis of the impact of the Development Assurance Level (DAL) or Safety Integrity Level (SIL) on the system activities in various application domains represented in the CG2E “Club des Grandes Entreprises en Embarqué”) and specially on the dependability, safety norms and standards working group. The main goals of this paper are to: • Analyse the impact in each applicatio...

The welding heat input has a great influence on the weldments properties. This paper describes the influence of welding heat input on the weld metal toughness of high-carbon steel surface welded joint. The steel is surfaced with self-shielded wire, with three different heat inputs (6.5; 10.5 and 16 kJ/cm). Total impact energy, as well as crack initiation and crack propagation energies, are esti...

Patulin is a common contaminant in fruits and vegetables, which is difficult to remove. In this study, the biodegradation of patulin using porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) was investigated. The method of HPLC was used to analyze the concentration of patulin. Batch degradation experiments were performed to illustrate the effect of PPL amount, pH, temperature, contact time, and initial concentrati...

The recently developed Zurich Ice Nucleation Chamber (ZINC) was used to explore ice nucleation of size-selected mineral dust particles at temperatures between −20C and −55C. Four different mineral dust species have been tested: montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite and Arizona test dust (ATD). The selected particle diameters are 100 nm, 200 nm, 400 nm and 800 nm. Relative humidities with respect t...

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa GSM3 isolated from dye contaminated soil was able to degrade Reactive Violet 5 completely as a sole source of carbon (300 mgL) within 20 h under static condition. The organism exhibited good decolorization ability in the pH ranges from 5.0 to 9.0 and temperature from 30 to 40C respectively. The optimum degradation was observed at 37C and pH 7. The maximum concentratio...

A nutritional requirement for the lipase production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was investigated. The bacterial strain was isolated from municipal sewage and it was culture with different nutritional composition. The maximum lipase activity was obtained with maltose as the sole carbon source 6.5 Uml, followed by lactose 4.6Uml . The various salts used the best results were observed with ca...

Jeffrey B. Harborne and Marian Boardley Phytochemical Unit, Plant Science Laboratories, University of Reading, Reading, U.K. Z. Naturforsch. 40c, 305—308 (1985); received January 16, 1985 Angiosperms, Flower Pigments, Malonated Anthocyanins, Zwitterions An electrophoretic survey of anthocyanins in flowers of 81 species belonging to 27 plant families indicated that malonated or similarly substit...

E. Wollenweber, K. Mann Institut für Botanik der Technischen Hochschule, Schnittspahnstraße 3, D-6100 Darmstadt, Bun­ desrepublik Deutschland F. J. Arriaga Departamento de Qufmica Orgänica, Universidad Autönoma, Madrid, Spain G. Yatskievych Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA Z. Naturforsch. 40c, 321 — 324 (1985); received November 26, 1984/February 13, 1985 Plu...