(2S,3S)-2,3-Butanediol ((2S,3S)-2,3-BD) is a potentially valuable liquid fuel and an excellent building block in asymmetric synthesis. In this study, cofactor engineering was applied to improve the efficiency of (2S,3S)-2,3-BD production and simplify the product purification. Two NADH regeneration enzymes, glucose dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), were introduced into Escherichia c...

One of the promising methods to improve yeast fermentation performance in high gravity brewing is to increase pitching rate in the bioreactor. In this study, fermentation with four different pitching rates (1.5×107, 4.5×107, 7.5×107, and 10.5×107 viable cells/ml wort) was carried out to investigate the impact of pitching rate on yeast fermentation performance and beer quality from 24oBx wort. T...

Animals have a remarkable ability to track dynamic sensory information. For example, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can locate a diacetyl odor source across a 100,000-fold concentration range. Here, we relate neuronal properties, circuit implementation, and behavioral strategies underlying this robust navigation. Diacetyl responses in AWA olfactory neurons are concentration and history dep...

The crystal structure of the title diprotonated diacetyl-triethyl-ene-tetra-mine (DAT) perchorate salt, C(10)H(24)N(4)O(2) (2+)·2ClO(4) (-), can be described as a three-dimensional assembly of alternating layers consisting of diprotonated diacetyl-triethyl-ene-tetra-mine (H(2)DAT)(2+) strands along [100] and the anionic species ClO(4) (-). The (H(2)DAT)(2+) cations in the strands are connected ...

Voges & Proskauer [1898] observed that when strong alkali was added to broth cultures of certain species of bacteria there developed, after an interval of time, a pink colour. Subsequently the work of Harden [1906] and of Harden & Norris [1911] established that the chemical reaction responsible was one between diacetyl and creatine (or certain similar substances). Attempts to make the reaction ...