Large dead trees and other large forest detritus (collectively known as coarse woody debris, or CWD) play an important role in the global carbon cycle. In tropical systems, CWD stocks (necromass) have been found to constitute 5% to 33% of total biomass. Despite harboring the second largest rain forest on earth, in Central Africa there have been virtually no studies of coarse woody debris. In th...

Brassicaceae seed meals produce ionic thiocyanate (SCN (-)), a bioherbicidal compound. This study determined the fate of SCN (-) in a field soil amended with seed meals of Sinapis alba, Brassica juncea, and Brassica napus and quantified crop phytotoxicity by monitoring carrot ( Daucus carota) emergence. Meals were applied at 1 or 2 t ha (-1), and soils were sampled to 35 cm for SCN (-). Maximum...

We derive analytical expressions for the solid angle subtended by a circular disc at a point source with cosine angular distribution (f(μ) = μ/π) under the sole condition that the disc lies in the half-space illuminated by the source (μ ≥ 0). The expressions are given with reference to two alternative coordinate systems (S and S’), S being such that the z axis is parallel to the symmetry axis o...

A 3- years (2015, 2016 and 2017) field study was carried out at National Wheat Research Program, Bhirahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal to evaluate the influence of crop residues and nitrogen levels on rice. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. Main plots were two crop residue levels (with crop residues of 30 cm wheat stubble and without crop residues) and sub plots c...

Volunteer potato is a major weed pest of sweet corn in regions where winter soil temperatures fail to kill tubers left in the ground after harvest. Studies were conducted in 2004 to 2005 to determine the effect of combining atrazine with mesotrione applied POST on volunteer potato control and new tuber production in sweet corn. Mesotrione at 0.035, 0.07, and 0.1 kg/ha and atrazine at 0.3, 0.6, ...

We derive analytical expressions for the solid angle subtended by a circular disc at a point source with cosine angular distribution (f(μ) = μ) under the sole condition that the disc lies in half-space illuminated by the source (μ ≥ 0). The expressions are given with reference to two alternative coordinate systems (S and S’), S being such that the z axis is parallel to the symmetry axis of the ...

Equations to enable determination of the helicity (angular momentum orientation) of photofragments resulting from single-photon dissociation of an isotropic sample of molecules are presented. The symmetry of the photofragment distribution is illustrated by three-dimensional vector plots of the expectation values of projections of the fragment total angular momentum. Equations describing circula...

We used a before-after-control-impact study across three years to assess the effects of active riparian restoration on bird densities and community composition. Birds density post-restoration on actively-restored plots averaged 25 birds ha -1 versus 15 birds ha -1 on controls. We conclude that active restoration should be pursued to benefit bird populations.