فاصله بین سقوط ایلخانان (736 ق) تا روی کار آمدن صفویان (907 ق) از پرآشوب­ترین و آشفته­ترین دوره­های تاریخ ایران است که عرصه را برای نضج و قدرت­گیری حکومت­های مختلفی در گوشه و کنار ایران فراهم آورد. جغرافیای سیاسی قبایل کُرد در غرب و شمال غرب که صحنه قدرت­نمایی آل جلایر، تیموریان، قراقویونلوها و آق قویونلوها بود از جمله حوزه­های موردتوجه و فعالیت حکومت­های مورد اشاره بود. پژوهش حاضر درصدد پژوهش د...

in this paper article of “wine” written by kathryn kueny in encyclopedia of the quran, vol. 5, pp. 481-483 is translated and then is surveyed and criticized by using of shiite and sunni jurisprudential, interpretative and lexical books and some of legal articles of case law of iran. the author firstly mentions nature and quiddity of wine and also local situation of building wine, and then he de...

AlterORF is a searchable database that contains information regarding alternate open reading frames (ORFs) for over 1.5 million genes in 481 prokaryotic genomes. The objective of the database is to provide a platform for improving genome annotation and to serve as an aid for the identification of prokaryotic genes that potentially encode proteins in more than one reading frame. The AlterORF Dat...

To evaluate the incidence of vancomycin tolerance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, we performed killing curve studies with 633 isolates. The penicillin MIC was > or = 0.12 mg/liter for 481 (76%) of the isolates. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin. Killing curve studies were performed with a vancomycin concentration of 2.5 mg/liter. The Tupelo strain was used for quality control....