Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by blood glucose levels exceeding normal. The length of therapy in DM patients causes the large amount treatment costs incurred, although Indonesia BPJS insurance used but this puts burden health financing on Indonesian government, so there need for an analysis associated with therapeutic outcomes. purpose study was to analyze Cost Effec...

Several thiazolidinedione derivatives (3-7) were designed and synthesized as candidate thyromimetic drugs. Among them, the dihydrogenated compounds, such as 5-2-[[4-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)oxy-3,5-diiodophenyl] ethyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione (6b) and its 3-isopropyl analog (7b), exhibited potent thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 (TR alpha 1) activation activity.

cardiovascular morbidity and mortality at least four times higher compared to patients without diabetes. Moreover, it is well established nowadays that the cardiovascular risk of diabetic patients without a history of a prior myocardial infarction is similar to the risk of nondiabetic patients who have already had one. Hence, the reduction of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetic patients usin...

Insulin resistance is a change in physiologic regulation such that a fixed dose of insulin causes less of an effect on glucose metabolism than occurs in normal individuals. The normal compensatory response to insulin resistance is an increase in insulin secretion that results in hyperinsulinemia. If the hyperinsulinemia is sufficient to overcome the insulin resistance, glucose regulation remain...

Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus (DM) are widespread diseases have a significant health burden. Type-1 (T1DM) Type-2 (T2DM) associated with an increased bone fracture. In T1DM, the risk of fracture is low mass. patients T2DM, due to quality bone, despite mineral density (BMD). type 2 diabetic patients, fragility depends on instead reduction in Thiazolidinediones (TZD) cause differentiation ad...

Abstract Background Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) prevent hospitalization resulting from heart failure (HHF). However, patients with type diabetes mellitus use multiple antihyperglycemic drugs to achieve glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) targets. In these drug combinations, the risk of HHF is unpredictable and so parallel effect glucose-lowering. Purpose To examine impact t...