abstract. academic spin-offs are recognized as the main means of technology transfer, contribute to the commercialization of the results of academic research, leading to society wealth creation. academic spin-offs start with some major disadvantages related to their liability of newness, smallness and their university origination. it is been argued that academic spin-off need to strengthen thei...

iranian rural women have been working side by side with men in many activities. but in recent years, due to social, economic and cultural changes, the role of women in many rural activities has declined, causing many social and economic problems in rural areas. tourism is one of the activities in which there are too many opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship for women. women are abl...

We report on the prevalence and patterns of non-farm enterprises in six sub-Saharan African countries, and study their performance in terms of labor productivity, survival and exit, using the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study - Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). Rural households operate enterprises due to both push and pull factors and tend to do so predominantly in eas...

This paper analyzes a model of economic growth that explains differences in economic structure across countries. It highlights the interplay between productivity, talents utilization and entrepreneurship incentives. The paper has two main results. First, it argues that when measuring human capital we ignore one dimension, which is “talents utilization”. It is suggested then that, in development...

This study was conducted to identify entrepreneurial desire and productivity among Semarang State Polytechnic students after post-covid-19. Respondents in this were 100 who own businesses. used confirmatory factor analysis maximum likelihood estimation SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) from the AMOS 24.0 statistical software package Moment Analysis). The data collection technique questionnaire...

Organizations that maintain and evolve software would benefit from measuring productivity in an easy and reliable way. This could allow them to determine if new or improved practices are needed, and to evaluate improvement efforts. We propose and evaluate indicators of productivity trends that are based on the premise that productivity during software evolution is closely related to the effort ...

Introduction Nowadays, the unemployment crisis has had irreparable effects as a fundamental problem on all the economic, social and cultural aspects of the community. So that the stability and destruction of some governments depends on solving the unemployment crisis. The issue of economic development has always been one of the main concerns of countries. There are two factors that affect deve...

the aim of this paper is to investigate the role of producer cooperatives (pcs) on rural development in fars, khorasan, semnan, golestan and hamadan provinces of iran in 2007. more specifically, this paper focuses on the economic aspects and social changes occurred in rural area concerning the cooperatives development. in order to measure quantitatively the effectiveness of economic and social ...

BACKGROUND Research productivity is considered an important factor in academic advancement in sports medicine. No study to date has evaluated academic productivity and correlates of academic rank for sports medicine fellowship faculty. PURPOSE To describe the academic productivity of American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) fellowship program faculty and to determine the assoc...