In the past few years, biomaterials technologies together with significant efforts on developing biology have revolutionized the process of engineered materials. Three dimensional (3D) in vitro technology aims to develop set of tools that are simple, inexpensive, portable and robust that could be commercialized and used in various fields of biomedical sciences such as drug discovery, diagnostic...

There are numerous approaches for producing natural and synthetic 3D scaffolds that support the proliferation of mammalian cells. 3D scaffolds better represent the natural cellular microenvironment and have many potential applications in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that 3D cellulose scaffolds produced by decellularizing apple hypanthium tissue can be employed for in vitro 3D culture...

We report on recent advances in the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine constructs using a two-photon polymerization technique (2PP). 2PP is a novel CAD/CAM technology allowing the fabrication of any computer-designed 3D structure from a photosensitive polymeric material. The flexibility of this technology and the ability to precisely...

UNLABELLED : Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are new diagnostic and potentially therapeutic tools to model disease and assess the toxicity of pharmaceutical medications. A common limitation of cell lineages derived from iPSCs is a blunted phenotype compared with fully developed, endogenous cells. We examined the influence of novel three-dimensional bioartificial microenvironments on func...

The classic paradigm for in vitro tissue engineering of bone involves the isolation and culture of donor osteoblasts or osteoprogenitor cells within three-dimensional (3D) scaffold biomaterials under conditions that support tissue growth and mineralized osteoid formation. Our studies focus on the development and utilization of new dynamic culture technologies to provide adequate nutrient flux w...

Background Osteocytes are critical in bone maintenance, adaptation and have important endocrine functions including mineral homeostasis through osteocyte-specific factors such as fibroblast growth factor 23 (fgf-23), a regulator of serum phosphate. MLO-Y4 cells are an osteocyte—like cell line that expresses negligible levels of fgf23. To date, no study has yet investigated the effect of a 3-dim...

Polymer nano/micro fibers have found many applications including 3D cell culture and the creation of wound dressings. The fibers can be produced by a variety of techniques that include electrospinning, the primary disadvantage of which include the requirement for a high voltage supply (which may cause issues such as polymer denaturation) and lack of portability. More recently, solution blow spi...

Tissue engineering (TE) is an important emerging area in biomedical engineering for creating biological alternatives for harvested tissues, implants, and prostheses. In TE, a highly porous artificial extracellular matrix or scaffold is required to accommodate mammalian cells and guide their growth and tissue regeneration in three-dimension (3D). However, existing 3D scaffolds for TE proved less...

There is a need for tools to classify cells based on their 3D shape. Cells exist in vivo in 3D, cells are frequently cultured within 3D scaffolds in vitro, and 3D scaffolds are used for cell delivery in tissue engineering therapies. Recent work indicates that the physical structure of a tissue engineering scaffold can direct stem cell function by driving stem cells into morphologies that induce...

For engineering implantable liver tissues, we designed a new scaffold with a three-dimensional (3D) branching and joining flow channel network (inner diameter is 1 mm) described by accumulated unit tetrahedrons (edge length is 4 mm). For its fabrication, biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) and 80% (w/w) of NaCl salt particles as a porogen were completely mixed and applied to the selective lase...