Accurate characterization of large-scale antenna arrays is growing in importance and complexity for the fifth-generation (5G) beyond systems, as they feature more elements require increased overall performance. The full 3D patterns all array need to be characterized because are general different due construction inaccuracy, coupling, array's asymmetry, etc. effective aperture distribution funct...

Due to small training sets, statistical shape models constrain often too much the deformation in medical image segmentation. Hence, an artificial enlargement of the training set has been proposed as a solution for the problem. In this paper, the error sources in the statistical shape model based segmentation were analyzed and the optimization processes were improved. The method was evaluated wi...

Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy of aqueous myoglobin upon Fe 2p core excitation was carried out using a liquid cell with a 150 nm-thick polyimide window in a high vacuum chamber below 1×10−7 Pa. Fe 2p soft X-ray emission from the heme center of a met-myoglobin powder was effectively detected compared to that of an Fe2O3 powder. Fe 2p soft X-ray emission spectra for a series of aqueous-myoglobi...

Diffusion Tensor MRI (DTI) of the human heart in vivo has to date been performed in 2D and at a single phase of the cardiac cycle. Here we perform 3D tractography of the human heart in vivo at both end diastole and end systole. We show that fiber orientation in the subepicardium becomes more oblique during systole, and that scalar indices of diffusion (mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy...

A two-month-old male infant presented with cardiac heart failure. Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography showed an anomaly of the left coronary artery (LCA) arising from the pulmonary artery (Fig. 1) with mitral regurgitation (Fig. 2). Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography was performed to determine left ventricular (LV) volume (i.e., 33, paediatric matrix probe 2—7MHz, Philips). The global an...

The ability of surface acoustic waves to trap and manipulate micrometer-scale particles and biological cells has led to many applications involving "acoustic tweezers" in biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. Here, we present 3D acoustic tweezers, which use surface acoustic waves to create 3D trapping nodes for the capture and manipulation of microparticles and cells along three mutual...

Several technologies exist to create 3D content for the web. With X3D, WebGL, and X3DOM, it is possible to visualize and interact with 3D models in a web browser. Frequently, three-dimensional objects are stored using the X3D file format for the web. However, there is no explicit topological information, which makes it difficult to design fast algorithms for applications that require adjacency ...

X-ray fluoroscopically-guided cardiac catheterization procedures are commonly carried out for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). X-ray images have poor soft tissue contrast and, for this reason, overlay of a 3D roadmap derived from pre-procedure volumetric image data can be used to add anatomical information. Howev...

Background One-directionally-encoded cine 2D Phase-Contrast MRI (PC MRI) of basal short axial image is generally used for the evaluation of diastolic function, but has potential limitations due to the longitudinal cardiac motion and inflow direction. Time-resolved 3D PC MRI is not affected by the flow direction and left ventricular motion, however, requires long acquisition time. In theory, thr...

Methods A group of 37 post-infarction patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT), who underwent both MRI and a VT catheter ablation procedure with electro-anatomical voltage mapping (EAVM), were included. LGE imaging was performed using a 3D breath-hold inversion recovery turbo-field echo sequence with full ventricular coverage in three views: short-axis (SA), two-chamber, and fourchamber. The ...