1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) originating from such sources as diesel exhaust emissions and coal combustion fly ash has been detected in the environment. 1-NP, in addition to being both a bacterial and mammalian mutagen, is carcinogenic in rats. The purpose of this study was to quantitate 1-NP metabolism and macromolecular covalent binding in the isolated perfused rat lung. Rat lungs were perfused with ...

We prove that if for some ǫ > 0, NP contains a set that is DTIME(2n ǫ )-bi-immune, then NP contains a set that is 2-Turing complete for NP (hence 3-truth-table complete) but not 1-truth-table complete for NP. Thus this hypothesis implies a strong separation of completeness notions for NP. Lutz and Mayordomo [LM96] and Ambos-Spies and Bentzien [ASB00] previously obtained the same consequence usi...

We study in nite stochastic games played by n-players on a nite graph with goals given by sets of in nite traces. The games are stochastic (each player simultaneously and independently chooses an action at each round, and the next state is determined by a probability distribution depending on the current state and the chosen actions), innite (the game continues for an in nite number of rounds),...

causative constructions play an important role in the mental and linguistic system of human beings. the methodology that is used in this paper for studying causative constructions in persian is the combination of the morphology-based approach and song’s model (1996, 2001). emphasizing the causer np and the causee np, we draw the semantic map of the causer np (based on the animacy hierarchy). in...

BACKGROUND Cabergoline is typically effective for treating prolactinomas; however, some patients display cabergoline resistance, and the early characteristics of these patients remain unclear. We analyzed early indicators predicting long-term response to cabergoline. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 44 patients with macroprolactinomas who received cabergoline as first-line tre...

It is a well-known result of Fagin that the complexity class NP coincides with the class of problems expressible in existential second-order logic (Z i), which allows sentences consisting of a string of existential second-order quantifiers followed by a first-order formula. Monadic NP is the class of problems expressible in monadic Z ; , i.e., Z ; with the restriction that the second-order quan...

The first 3000 nucleotides from the 3' end of the Marburg virus (MBG) genome were determined from cDNA clones produced from genomic RNA and mRNA. Identified in the sequence was a short putative leader sequence at the extreme 3' end, followed by the complete nucleoprotein (NP) gene. The 5' end of the NP mRNA was determined as was the polyadenylation site for the NP gene. The transcriptional star...

Experimentally synthesized perovskite-type YRh$_{3}$B with a $Pm\bar{3}m$ type structure was proposed as novel topological material (TM) via first-principles calculations and the low-energy $k\cdot p$ effective Hamiltonian, which has quadratic contact triple point (QCTP) at $\Gamma$ six pairs of open nodal lines (NLs) hybrid type. Clear surface states observed in spectrum confirmed states. When...