Articles in this chapter emphasize the phenomenon of ion exchange across biomembranes. This topic has been of interest at least since 1947, when Hans Ussing articulated his model of ‘exchange diffusion’ to account for an unexpected elevation in the rate of 22Na+ efflux from skeletal muscle (Ussing, 1947). Ussing had tried to measure net Na+ movement by following tracer flux, but found that this...

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a popular research topic. People are becoming more interested in PET images as they become widely available. However, the partial volume effect (PVE) remains one of most influential factors causing resolution to degrade. It possible reduce this PVE and achieve better image quality by measuring modeling point spread function (PSF) then accounting for it insi...

The aim of this study is to design and evaluate a simple free running Analog-Digital Converter (ADC) based on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device accomplish energy position readout silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array for application as PET scanners. This FPGA-ADC carry chain Time-Digital (TDC) implemented Kintex-7 FPGA consists only one off-chip resistor so it has greater advantage...

We combine the search for young meteorites in Omani-Swiss collection (˜1140 fall events collected 2001–2018) using 22Na and 44Ti with luminescence 14C sediment ages from Ramlat Fasad (RaF) dense area (DCA) of Oman to obtain combined terrestrial maximum accumulation times, test whether proportion is consistent models meteorite flux weathering. Gamma-ray spectrometry data show that two (0.17%) fe...

Cytochalasin B, a fungal metabolite, has been shown to inhibit hexose transport in a variety of cellular types, including erythrocytes (Bloch, 1973), leucocytes (Zigmond & Hirsch, 1972), adipose-cell ‘ghosts’ (Czech et al., 1973), fibroblasts and liver cells (Kletzien et al., 1972) and HeLa cells (Mitzel & Wilson, 1972). Studies of effects of cytochalasin B on hexose transport in the nervous sy...

It has been proposed that sodium ions of the muscle cells are present ii'' their outer regions and the major portion of an outward movement of sodium ions across the membrane of the striated muscles is accounted for an active transport which is dependent on sodium pump activity sensitive to cardiac glycosides (Mullins and Frumento, 1963 ; Csaky, 1965 ; Horowicz and Gerber ). A previous paper by...

Four neurotoxins that activate the action potential Na+ ionophore of electrically excitable neuroblastoma cells interact with two distinct classes of sites, one specific for the alkaloids veratridine, batrachotoxin, and aconitine, and the second specific for scorpion toxin. Positive heterotropic cooperativity is observed between toxins bound at these two classes of sites. Tetrodotoxin is a nonc...