In this paper, we study the different forms of spanning tree-based topologies that could be used for efficient broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In this context, we consider the minimum distance-based, predicted link expiration time-based and the minimum velocity-based broadcast topologies, respectively referred to as MD-BT, LET-BT and MV-BT. The LET and minimum velocitybased bro...

to evaluate of drought stress and foliar application of zinc and iron on two annual medics species, experimental field was carried out with split factorial based on randomized complete block design in three replication with treatments of foliar application (controlled, fe, zn and iron+ zinc) and cutoff irrigation from (50% flowering , lower pod maturity,10 days before starting of flowering and ...

Continuously performing heavy activities will damage tissues and cells cause oxidative stress. Fortunately, this can be reduced by giving antioxidants to reduce free radicals. This study uses the forced swimming test model determine effect of Javanese ginseng root extract on superoxide dismutase levels in male white Sprague Dawley rats. The samples were 30 rats divided into five groups: negativ...

Searching for data location in P2P systems is a messageintensive task. Basically, a query needs to reach all the nodes in order to find the locations of a specified data. This search involves a broadcast, and an inappropriate broadcast strategy may not only lead to inefficient data sharing, but also directly affect the scalability of the P2P system. We propose the utilization of an ad-hoc spann...

In this paper, we present three energy efficient broadcast and multicast routing algorithms for wireless ad hoc networks. The first algorithm computes a broadcast tree whose energy consumption is within a factor 2 + 2 ln(n − 1) of the optimal. The second algorithm computes a multicast tree whose energy consumption is within a constant factor of the optimal. Our third algorithm, for a multicast ...

This paper deals with the problem of multicast/broadcast throughput in multi-channel multi-radio wireless mesh networks that suffer from the resource constraints. We provide a formulation to capture the utilization of the network resources and derive analytical relationships for the network's throughput in terms of the node utilization, the channel utilization, and the number of transmissions. ...

A large number of project management applications currently exist, some focusing on certain features or domains, while others are designed to work in multiple scenarios and domains. Task delegation and resource allocation is one of the crucial parts of project management. Errors in this aspect can result in significant loss of time, resources and deficient project results. No applications curre...

Broadcast encryption (BE) deals with the problem of establishing a secret, shared by g = G − r privileged nodes, among a set G nodes. Specifically, a set of r revoked nodes are denied access to the secret. Many schemes to address this problem, based on key pre-distribution schemes (KPS), have been proposed in the literature. Most state-ofthe-art methods employ tree-based techniques. However, ra...

background and objectives: soil salinity and zn deficiency are among the most important limiting factors for growth and yields of pistachio trees in many regions of iran, especially in the rafsanjan area. the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) is new strategies to reduce destructive effects of salinity and improvement of nutrient availability. this study investigated the interac...