Geographic information systems (GIS) are computer-based tools for geographic data analysis and spatial visualization. They have become one of the information and communications technologies for education at all levels. This article reviews the current status of GIS in schools, analyzes the requirements of a GIS-based learning environment from constructivist perspectives, and discusses the major...

This chapter presents a programming-by-demonstration (PBD) approach to Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The aim of our approach is to enable non-specialist users to avail themselves of the software without having to resort to the help of expert users. We begin with a story of one group of non-specialist users who encountered difficulty with GIS software. Next we summarize findings of a s...

Despite the achieved success in fight against tuberculosis, disease remains an immediate problem for a number of countries including Russia. To large extent, reasons high incidence and mortality population are not only medical but also social nature, which leads to emergence geographical patterns spread disease. The purpose study is identify spatio-temporal conditions that shape epidemiological...

Introduction Geographic information systems (GIS) are not exactly new to the social sciences—the UK's Economic and Social Research Council funded a network of GIS-based laboratories at UK universities in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and the U.S. National Science Foundation's Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences funded the National Center for Geographic Information and An...

Computerized mapping provides a powerful way to present and identify many types of spatial relationships. This type of data presentation and visualization is possible through software called geographic information systems (GIS). GIS is viewed as one of the most important developments in computer technology since the advent of the computer spreadsheet (Raymond, 1997). The application of GIS tech...

This paper focuses on the use of geographic information system (GIS) in gender research and argues for the possibility that the tool has inherent biases with regard to data collection and representation. Introduction Given the mandate by large agencies to address gender in all development projects and the „Mainstreaming of Gender‟ at the World Bank, we can expect that new opportunities will eme...

Introduction: To identify the influential social factors and spatial distribution of physical disabilities in Iran between 2006 and 2011. Materials and Methods: First, the prevalence of physical disability in each province between 2006 and 2011 was mapped via GIS. Moreover, the percentage of physical disability was estimated with regard to age, sex, and residential area. Finally, the prevalence...

The purpose of this paper is to study some statistical problems : parameter estimation, binary detection , change detection (disorder problem), etc. for partially observed diiusion processes, using the likelihood approach. It is shown that the stochastic PDE related to the state estimation problem, provides also a way to compute the likelihood function/ratio. A recent result on consistency of t...

Automatic change detection particularly in urban areas is the important tools for their management and planning. This paper presents a feature based method to detect changes in urban area using two LIDAR data sets acquired at different times. The main processes in the method are to detect the change areas through the subtraction between the two DSMs generated from the two individual LIDAR sets,...

An original approach for real time detection of changes in motion is presented, for detecting and recognizing events. Current video change detection focuses on shot changes, based on appearance, not motion. Changes in motion are detected in pixels that are found to be active, and this motion is input to sequential change detection, which detects changes in real time. Statistical modeling of the...