In this paper we review approaches for evaluating information retrieval systems using test collections. We first give the definition of a test collection and present the main metrics used in literature to evaluate systems. We then show, thanks to three examples (search results clustering, automatic summarization and image retrieval), the variety of the existing evaluation frameworks. RÉSUMÉ. L’...

Welding dilution is the chemical composition modification of the weld metal, caused by the portion of base metal that suffers melting and starts to form the fusion zone. Its measure is given by the percentage of the base metal that takes part in the formation of the weld filet, and it varies according to the used welding process, type of join, pre-heat temperature, consumable, parameters of wel...

La Santísima Muerte, the death saint patron of the marginalized and dispossessed in Mexico, the United States, and beyond, is especially favored by devotees who identify with her duality between dark and light, and good and evil. Most of Santa Muerte’s devotees understand that good and evil coexist in her, and they often simultaneously appeal to both. At the same time, illegality and marginaliz...

Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs), or markers, are abnormal chromosomal fragments that can be hereditary or de novo. Despite the importance of sSMCs diagnosis, de novo sSMCs are rarely detected during the prenatal diagnosis process. Usually, prenatally diagnosed de novo sSMCs cannot be correlated with a particular phenotype without knowing their chromosomal origin and content; ther...

This paper investigates the technique of wavelet threshold de-noising with Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for noisy image separation. In the first approach, noisy mixed images are separated using fast ICA algorithm and then wavelet thresholding is used to de-noise. The second approach uses wavelet threshold to de-noise and then use the fast ICA algorithm to separate the de-noised images. ...

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) separation has not been considered suitable for large-scale comparative protein expression studies due to its limited throughput. We present a high-throughput analysis method based on three-dimensional (3-D) geometry gel electrophoresis. Following conventional isoelectric focusing (IEF), up to 36 immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips are arrayed on the ...

Tourists and Wild-life photographers are often hindered in capturing their cherished images/videos by a fence that limits accessibility to the scene of interest. The situation has been exacerbated by growing concerns of security at public places and a need exists to provide a tool that can be used for post-processing such “fenced videos to produce a “de-fenced” image. There are several challeng...

presence of joints and fractures in rocks strongly influences the behavior of the rock mass by dividing the media into smaller units. these structures intensify the potential instability besides the development of sliding and rotational movements. the assumption of discontinuum media changes the whole analysis conditions in relation to the continuum analysis. acquisition of geometrical and stru...

glucose, as the major energy source in cellular metabolism, plays an important role in the natural growth of cells. herein, a simple, rapid and low-cost method for the glucose determination by utilizing glucose oxidase and cdte/thioglycolic acid (tga) quantum dots (qds) on a thin layer chromatography (tlc) plate has been described. the detection was based on the combination of the glucose enzym...