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The current methods for targeted drug delivery utilize ligands that must out-compete endogenous ligands in order to bind to the active site facilitating the transport. To address this limitation, we present a non-competitive active transport strategy to overcome intestinal barriers in the form of tunable nanosystems (NS) for transferrin receptor (TfR) utilizing gambogic acid (GA), a xanthanoid,...

The effect of peroral administration of xylitol (5% or 20% in food) on adrenal function was investigated in thirty-five Long-Evans male rats. The control rats were fed either a non-substituted stock diet or a 20% glucose diet. Glucose elevated and 20% xylitol reduced the growth of the rats (P less than 0.001), but 5% xylitol had no effect on the body weight. The concentrations of serum glucose ...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS A transesophageal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) approach has been proposed for thoracic and mediastinal access. Similarly to transgastric surgery, serious limitations remain related to creating an esophagotomy and its safe closure. A hybrid approach in thoracic NOTES could work as an intermediate step before pure transesophageal NOTES. We asse...