Granted that literacy is a social practice involving different values, attitudes, feelings, and social relationships, this study attempts to examine literacy practices and the potential changes made through a history of forty years. The study was conducted in the village of Cheshmeh, near Mashhad, Iran, where the social definition of literacy emerged. The data have been collected through partic...

ever since alexander emerged in the history of iran, his being greek or iranian has been a matter of dispute. the subject has later entered the discussions over alexander’s identity as ruler, governor, explorer, adventurer, etc. even these days disputes over his existence or his territory exist. a purely historical study on the subject should be based on documents. yet since a great part of wri...

The Axis aggression greatly changed the life of USSR. Activities higher educational institutions Ivanovo Region in 1941–1942 was complicated by a number circumstances: transfer buildings for needs hospitals, mobilisation faculty staff and students to Red Army. This article examines activities one leading region – State Medical Institute 1941–1942. Special attention is paid legal regulation inst...

The MBioID initiative has been set up to address the following germane question: What and how biometric technologies could be deployed in identity documents in the foreseeable future? This research effort proposes to look at current and future practices and systems of establishing and using biometric identity documents (IDs) and evaluate their effectiveness in large-scale developments. The firs...

the main tasks of ‘environmental graphics’ have been designated as: provision of instructions and essential information, environmental embellishment, ease of interconnection and visual identity establishment all of which can affect the culture and identity of the audience through an unconscious process. if we consider, on the one hand, the crisis of identity and cultural problems of the present...