The author reviews the development of the idea of scientific progress from Graeco-Roman antiquity to the Middle Ages and shows that from Xenophanes (6th century BC) on, the notion of progress can be found in the works of many authors, including physicians, throughout the centuries. Even if at first the concept was often rather inchoate and limited to what we would call technology, in the Middle...

Abstract This article investigates the development of urbanism and architecture at site Sala (Chellah), from end first century BC to latter half second AD. By looking transformations in town's civic centre Mauretanian Roman imperial period, aim is assess how layout function public spaces buildings were reshaped respond new ideas monumentality. A range research methodologies are applied address ...

[The] assimilation of [the poet] to another, either by the use of voice or gesture, is the imitation of the person whose character he assumes[.] [...] Then in this case the narrative of the poet may be said to proceed by way of imitation[.] [...] Or, if the poet everywhere appears and never conceals himself, then again the imitation is dropped, and his poetry becomes simple narration. (Book III...

A proof theoretic analysis and new arithmetical semantics are proposed for some paraconsistent C-systems, which are a relevant subclass of Logics of Formal Inconsistency (LFIs) introduced by W. A. Carnielli et al. [8,9]. The sequent versions BC, CI,CIL of the systems bC, Ci, Cil presented in [8,9] are introduced and examined. BC, CI,CIL admits the cut elimination property and, in general, a wea...

romantic literary school at the beginning of its existence was considered as a clearly visible renewal in feeling and thinking both. this literary school was a revolution against the restrictions established by classical literary schools. in fact, romantic is one of the literal branches that formed first in europe, and then in the nineteenth century came into arabic literature, and arabic liter...

Metaphoric representations of liver function can be found throughout the ages (1). In the ancient world, the liver was considered the repository of life and the seat of inner emotions (1, 2). Speculative descriptions of the liver can be found in old documents such as the Egyptian Ebers Papyrus (ca. 1550 BC) and the Greek literature. Plato (427–347 BC) wrote about a ‘desiring soul’ and a ‘ration...